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Biomedical subjects

R E Shrader

Publications and source records attributed to R E Shrader.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1983

Maternal and embryonic response to a "carbohydrate-free" diet fed to rats.

The effects of a carbohydrate-free, fatty acid (CF) diet on pregnant rats and their progeny were examined. A pregnant pair-fed group was included to compensate for the 40% reduction in food intake of the CF dams. Control and CF dams were killed on days 6, 8, 10, 12, or 14 of gestation. Pair-fed dams were killed on day 14. Maternal CF rats were hypoglycemic and hyperketonemic as compared to pair-fed or control dams. Both CF and pair-fed dams had significantly reduced liver glycogen. Diet had no effect on the number of implantation sites. Conceptuses were classified histologically as normal, retarded, malformed, degenerating or resorbed. Numbers of normal CF embryos were significantly reduced from day 6 and, by day 12, all CF embryos had been resorbed. Control and pair-fed dams showed 5.2% and 43.8% resorptions, respectively, on day 14. These data suggest that approximately half of the embryonic loss can be attributed to the reduction in food intake whereas the remaining embryos succumbed to embryolethal conditions more directly related to the metabolic consequences of carbohydrate deprivation.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Hematologic and trace element alterations following chronic maternal ingestion of propylthiourea.

Rats with diets containing 0.2% propylthiouracil (PTU) throughout gestation had progeny with persistent cyanosis and high neonatal mortality. Histological and histochemical studies failed to reveal lung abnormalities in these pups. Studies of the blood of PTU-fed dams demonstrated that hemoglobin, packed cell volume, and numbers of erythrocytes were significantly reduced. In their 21-day fetal young, erythrocytopenia was accompanied by an elevated mean corpuscular volume and a reduced mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. Imprints of marrow from dams and of liver and spleens of the young showed normoblastic erythropoiesis. A granulocytic leucocytosis was present in the blood of the PTU-fed dams, whereas their progeny had a granulocytopenic leucopenia. Tissue concentrations of copper, zinc, manganese, magnesium and iron were determined. The most striking changes observed were the significant elevations of copper in the dams' brain, liver and kidneys. No changes in the concentration of any of the trace minerals were found in the livers of the pups. Food restriction to the dam failed to significantly alter maternal or fetal hematologic or trace element concentrations as compared with controls. It is evident that PTU, when fed to pregnant rats, has demonstrable effects on erythropoiesis, granulocytopoiesis, and maternal trace element distribution. It is not presently known whether these phenomena are interrelated.

Anemia, Macrocytic↗
PubMed1980

Effect of maternal protein-calorie malnutrition on fetal rat cerebellar neurogenesis.

Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were fed, ad libitum, diets containing either 24% (control) or 4% casein (deprived) from conception through gestation. On the 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th, 17th or the 18th day of gestation the dams of both dietary groups were injected with 2.5 mCi [3H]thymidine per gram of body weight. Pups born to these dams were reared by stock diet-fed foster mothers to insure normal postnatal nutrition and were killed on postnatal day 28. Retention of isotope in the nuclei of four types of macroneurons, as visualized in autoradiographs prepared from cerebellar tissues, was used to determine the time of final DNA synthesis in these cells. In the brains of animals malnourished in utero, the time of administration of the label which resulted in maximal retention and peak cerebellar neurogenesis had occurred as early as the 13th day of gestation.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Attenuating effect of zinc on abnormal placental morphology in 6-mercaptopurine treated rats.

Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets containing 9 (marginal level), 100 (control level), or 1,000 (very high level) ppm zinc and were given a single intraperitoneal injection of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP, 55 mg/kg) or an equivalent volume of carboxymethylcellulose on day 11 of gestation. Live young and their placentas were recovered at surgery on day 21 of gestation: they were weighed, measured, and placentas were examined histologically. Placentas from drug treated animals were smaller in diameter and lighter in weight than controls; however, the placentas of animals fed the 1,000 ppm zinc diet were significantly heavier than those of the other drug-treated groups. Histologically, the placentas of the 6-MP treated dams showed a highly disproportionate reduction in the labyrinthine layer with larger, less subdivided maternal sinuses than in controls, reduction of fetal vasculature, vesiculation of trophoblast nuclei, deposition of PAS positive material in the septal wall, and fibrinous degeneration of trophoblast cells. These morphological changes were reduced in placental tissues of drug treated rats given 1,000 ppm of zinc. In contrast, no placental abnormalities were observed in rats not treated with 6-MP.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1977

Effect of prenatal protein deprivation on fetal and neonatal thyroid morphology in the rat.

Morphogenesis of the thyroid was compared in young of control and protein-deprived rats from day 17 of gestation through the first postpartum day. Examination of histological sections revealed a significant delay in follicle formation and a reduction in gland area, follicle number, colloid space and cell size in the thyroid tissue of fetal and neonatal pups of protein-deprived dams.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Thyroid function in prenatally protein-deprived rats.

Thyroid function was examined in fetal and newborn young of dams fed diets containing 24% or 4% casein as the sole source of protein. Radioactive iodine uptake, as examined autoradiographically and by gamma counting, was significantly reduced in glands of progeny of deficient rats. Following injections of thyrotropin or thyrotropin releasing hormone, thyroid cells of newborn young of protein-deprived rats contained fewer colloid droplets than those of control pups. Circulating levels of triiodothyronine and thyroxine were significantly reduced in the plasma of newborn young of protein-deprived females as compared with controls.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Early postnatal development of the intestine in progeny of protein-deprived rats.

Development of the small intestine was studied in newborn, and 4-, 8-, and 12-day-old young of rats fed diets, during gestation, containing 24 or 4% casein as the source of protein. Newborn prenatally protein-deprived rats had shorter, narrower intestines, reduced numbers of villi per unit length, shorter villi, and reduced numbers of absorptive cells and crypt cells. These differences had disappeared by the age of 12 days in adequately fed pups that had survived to that age.

Animals↗