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Biomedical subjects

R E Weaver

Publications and source records attributed to R E Weaver.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Relationship of CDC group EO-2 and psychrobacter immobilis.

Thirty strains of microorganisms previously classified in the CDC group EO-2 were studied to determine the relationship of this group and the recently proposed Psychrobacter immobilis. Results of transformation studies indicated that 9 of the 30 studied strains should be reclassified as P. immobilis. While transformation studies should be used to identify the Psychrobacter genus definitively, some presumptive characteristics useful in differentiating the CDC group EO-2 and P. immobilis were observed. The Psychrobacter genus, compared with the CDC group EO-2, grew well at 25 degrees C, lightly or not at all at 35 degrees C, and not at all at 42 degrees C, grew in nutrient broth without NaCl and with only one exception grew in 6% NaCl, usually did not produce acid from adonitol, dextrin, fructose, or D-mannitol, did not demonstrate the O-shaped cellular morphology, and usually possessed an odor resembling that noted from a phenylethyl alcohol blood agar plate.

DNA, Bacterial↗
PubMed1987

Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 35152 and NCTC 7973 contain a nonhemolytic, nonvirulent variant.

Listeria monocytogenes NCTC 7973 and this same strain deposited as ATCC 35152 contain two phenotypes: hemolytic virulent colonies and nonvirulent colonies that show no zones of hemolysis when streaked on heart infusion agar containing 5% rabbit blood. Results of examinations of these virulent and nonvirulent strains by investigators at the Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Ga., the Pasteur Institute, Paris, France, and the University of Würzburg, Federal Republic of Germany, support the conclusion that the avirulent strain is a nonhemolytic mutant of the virulent strain and that hemolysin is a virulence factor for L. monocytogenes.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Comparison of biochemical, morphologic, and chemical characteristics of Centers for Disease Control fermentative coryneform groups 1, 2, and A-4.

A total of 24 strains of fermentative coryneform like bacteria isolated from clinical specimens form two distinct groups which have been designated Centers for Disease Control (CDC) fermentative coryneform groups 1 (13 strains) and 2 (11 strains). The phenotypic characteristics of group 1 were similar to those of a previously described CDC group designated A-4, with the major differentiating characteristic being the inability to hydrolyze esculin. Major differences in cellular fatty acid composition between CDC groups 1 and A-4 were also observed. The branched-chain fatty acids 14-methylhexadecanoate and 12-methyltetradecanoate, which account for more than 80% of the total acids of group A-4, were not detected in cells of group 1 strains. Groups 1 and 2, which have similar cellular fatty acid compositions, can be differentiated on the basis of fermentation of xylose, mannitol, lactose, sucrose, and melibiose by group 1 but not by group 2. The sources of isolation of the strains of both groups varied. Only group 1 strains were associated with eye infections.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed1986

Chemical characterization of Flavobacterium odoratum, Flavobacterium breve, and Flavobacterium-like groups IIe, IIh, and IIf.

The cellular fatty acid, sphingolipid, and isoprenoid quinone compositions of Flavobacterium odoratum, Flavobacterium breve, and Flavobacterium-like groups IIe, IIh, and IIf were determined, using thin-layer, gas-liquid, and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The fatty acid data showed that groups IIe, IIh, and IIf were similar to recognized Flavobacterium species by the presence of relatively large amounts of iso-branched hydroxy and nonhydroxy acids. Groups IIe and IIh were essentially identical in fatty acid composition but were distinguished from group IIf, F. breve, and F. odoratum on the basis of minor qualitative and quantitative differences. All strains tested contained menaquinone 6 as the major isoprenoid quinone, and all lacked sphingolipids. Overall, the chemical data suggest that groups IIe, IIh, and IIf are additional Flavobacterium species and are different from sphingobacteria, which contain sphingolipid and menaquinone 7 as the major quinone.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1985

Thermophilic bacteria: a new cause of human disease.

We studied a group of 31 bacterial isolates from clinical specimens, received by the Centers for Disease Control since 1961, which have been denoted thermophilic for their unusual ability to grow at 50 degrees C. Microbiological characteristics were determined for the group, and an assessment of their clinical significance was made based on retrospective chart review. These bacteria are all gram-negative, nonfermentative, nonsporulating rods, most of which grow better at 42 or 50 degrees C than at 35 degrees C. Some of the bacteria could be implicated as the etiological agents for meningitis, endocarditis, and septicemia. Thermophilic bacteria should be considered potential pathogens when isolated from appropriate clinical specimens.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Serogroups of Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, and Campylobacter fetus defined by direct immunofluorescence.

Rabbits were inoculated with whole, formalinized Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli, and C. fetus cells; the C. jejuni and C. coli immunogens were identified by their DNA relatedness at the species level to the type strains of C. jejuni or C. coli. The designation C. coli was not used among the other C. jejuni strains; they were classified as hippurate-positive or hippurate-negative C. jejuni. Immunoglobulin G was isolated from the antisera and labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate. These conjugates defined 10 serogroups of C. jejuni, 2 serogroups of C. coli, and 2 serogroups of C. fetus. Of the 316 strains of C. jejuni tested, 258 (82%) were groupable; 173 were single-serogroup strains, and 85 were multiple-serogroup strains. Of the 226 strains in C. jejuni serogroups, 223 (98.7%) were hippurate positive; of the 27 strains in C. coli serogroups, 26 (96.3%) were hippurate negative. Five strains were equally reactive in immunofluorescent staining with a conjugate for a C. jejuni serogroup and a conjugate for a C. coli serogroup. A total of 58 strains of C. jejuni were ungroupable: 33 (13%) of the 259 hippurate-positive strains and 25 (44%) of the 57 hippurate-negative strains. All 121 strains of C. fetus tested were groupable as A, B, or A:B. The 14 conjugates used to define serogroups of C. jejuni, C. coli, and C. fetus reacted with the flagella but not the cells of other Campylobacter species and were negative on 256 other bacteria from 21 genera.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Vibrio furnissii (formerly aerogenic biogroup of Vibrio fluvialis), a new species isolated from human feces and the environment.

Strains formerly classified as the aerogenic (gas-producing) biogroup of Vibrio fluvialis were shown by DNA relatedness to be a separate species. The species was named Vibrio furnissii sp. nov. (type strain ATCC 35016 = CDC B3215). Three strains of V. furnissii were 79% or more related to the type strain of V. furnissii and about 50% related to the type strain of V. fluvialis. V. fluvialis strains were 40 to 64% related to the type strain of V. furnissii. Divergence in related sequences was only 0.0 to 1.5% among strains of V. furnissii and among strains of V. fluvialis but was 5.0 to 8.0% in interspecific reactions between V. fluvialis and V. furnissii. V. furnissii was aerogenic (produced gas from the fermentation of carbohydrates), whereas V. fluvialis was anaerogenic (did not produce gas from the fermentation of carbohydrates). Another test of some help in differentiating the two species was fermentation of L-rhamnose (57% positive for V. furnissii and negative for V. fluvialis). In addition to the reactions above, V. furnissii is distinguished from other salt-requiring vibrios on the basis of its positive reactions in tests for Møller L-arginine, L-arabinose, maltose, and D-mannitol and its negative reactions for Møller L-lysine and L-ornithine, lactose, and Voges-Proskauer. V. furnissii has been isolated from patients with acute gastroenteritis in at least two outbreaks of food poisoning; its role as a cause of diarrhea needs further study.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

Cellular fatty acid composition of Pseudomonas marginata and closely associated bacteria.

The cellular fatty acid compositions of the lectotype strain and four clinical isolates of Pseudomonas marginata were determined by gas-liquid chromatography and compared with 11 strains of the Centers for Disease Control Pseudomonas-like group 2, which are similar to P. marginata in a number of conventional biochemical tests. Isolates of P. marginata were readily distinguished from Pseudomonas-like group 2 by the presence of a C17:0 cyclopropane acid and hydroxy acids 3-OH-C14:0, 2-OH-C16:0, 3-OH-C16:0, and 2-OH-C18:1, whereas strains of Pseudomonas-like group 2 contained C16:1 delta 9 as a major acid with small amounts of 3-OH-C12:0 and 2-OH-C14:0 acids. Our data show that cellular fatty acid composition provides useful additional information that can be combined with selected conventional tests to provide a more reliable and rapid identification of P. marginata and related bacteria.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1983

Emended description of Kingella denitrificans (Snell and Lapage 1976): correction of the maltose reaction.

Snell and Lapage proposed that the bacterium designated CDC group TM-1 be named Kingella denitrificans. Their description of the organism indicated that it produced acid from maltose which was in contrast with an earlier report from our laboratory that maltose was not utilized. In an attempt to explain the different findings in the two laboratories, the type strain and two additional strains of K. denitrificans were tested for acid production from maltose in phenol red broth, the rapid fermentation test, fermentation broth with Andrade's indicator, and oxidation-fermentation base. These media were tested without additional supplements and with supplements of horse serum (5% [vol/vol]) or rabbit serum (5% [vol/vol]). The results indicated that K. denitrificans does not produce acid from maltose. It was demonstrated that maltose in media containing serum is converted to glucose from which acid can be produced by K. denitrificans. The supplementation of maltose medium with horse serum by Snell and Lapage apparently had produced a false-positive maltose reaction. The description of K. denitrificans is emended to indicate that maltose is not utilized.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1982

Illness caused by Vibrio damsela and Vibrio hollisae.

Vibrio damsela was isolated from six wound infections in otherwise healthy persons. In five of the six cases the wounds were known to have been exposed to salt or brackish water at the time of the injury. Vibrio hollisae was isolated from an index stool culture in nine cases in which no other enteric pathogen was identified. All nine patients had diarrhoea and abdominal pain; one patient had bloody diarrhoea. Six of the nine patients were known to have eaten raw seafood in the five days before they became ill. These data suggest that both V. damsela and V. hollisae can produce diseases with distinct clinical and epidemiological characteristics.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1982

Identification of Vibrio hollisae sp. nov. from patients with diarrhea.

The name Vibrio hollisae (synonym = Special Bacteriology group EF-13) is proposed for a new group of 16 strains that occurred in stool cultures of patients with diarrhea. V. hollisae is a small gram-negative rod, which is motile with a single polar flagellum. No lateral or peritrichous flagella were observed, even when it was grown on a solid medium. Sodium chloride is required for growth, so V. hollisae is a halophilic vibrio. Strains were positive (36 degrees C, 24 or 48 h) for oxidase (Kovacs), indole production, nitrate reduction to nitrite, and fermentation of D-glucose (acid, no gas), L-arabinose, D-galactose, and D-mannose. Strains were negative for the following tests often used in enteric bacteriology: lipase (corn oil); deoxyribonuclease; gelatinase; methyl red; Voges-Proskauer; utilization of citrate, acetate, and malonate; L-lysine decarboxylase (Møllers); L-ornithine decarboxylase (Møllers); L-arginine dihydrolase (Møllers); growth in KCN medium; and acid production from D-adonitol, D-arabitol, cellobiose, dulcitol, erythritol, glycerol (25% delayed positive at 7 days), i-(myo)-inositol, lactose, maltose, D-mannitol, melibiose, alpha-methyl-D-glucoside, mucate, raffinose, L-rhamnose, salicin, D-sorbitol, sucrose, trehalose, and D-xylose. None of the strains was motile (semisolid medium) at 36 degrees C at 48 h, but by 7 days 88% were motile. The strains did not grow within 2 days when plated on thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose (TCBS) agar or MacConkey agar, but they grew on sheep blood agar and marine agar. By DNA-DNA hybridization (75 degrees C, hydroxyapatite with (32)P), V. hollisae was only 0 to 4% related to 21 named species in Vibrio and Photobacterium. The type strain is designated ATCC 33564, which has a mean guanineplus-cytosine content in DNA of 50 mol%. With the disk diffusion method V. hollisae had relatively large zones of inhibition around penicillin, ampicillin, carbenicillin, cephalothin, colistin, polymyxin B, streptomycin, kanamycin, gentamicin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and sulfadiazine. Future studies should focus on the isolation of this new vibrio and its ecology and relationship to human diseases.

Culture Media↗
PubMed1982

30 years of campylobacters: biochemical characteristics and a biotyping proposal for Campylobacter jejuni.

Several biochemical test systems were studied for their potential usefulness for the examination of strains of Campylobacter species. Most (81%) of the C. jejuni strains hydrolyzed sodium hippurate, but strains of C. fetus, C. sputorum, and C. fecalis did not. Some (46%) of the C. jejuni strains and all of the C. sputorum subsp. sputorum, C. sputorum subsp. bubulus, and C. fecalis strains hydrolyzed DNA, but the C. fetus and C. sputorum subsp. mucosalis strains did not. Strains of all species of Campylobacter grew on charcoal-yeast extract agar, but 47% of the C. jejuni strains did not. Alkaline phosphatase activity was recorded for some strains of C. jejuni, but all other species were negative for this activity. Aryl sulfatase activity was detected in 7% of the C. jejuni, 15% of the C. fetus subsp. fetus, and all of the C. sputorum subsp. sputorum, C. sputorum subsp. bubulus, and C. fecalis strains, but it was not detected in the C. fetus subsp. venerealis and C. sputorum subsp. mucosalis strains. Most (93%) of the C. jejuni but none of the other Campylobacter strains contained lactobacillic acid when examined for cellular fatty acids. On the basis of results from three of these tests (hippurate hydrolysis, DNA hydrolysis, and growth on charcoal-yeast extract agar), clinical strains of C. jejuni were placed in eight biotypes.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1982

Chronic granulomatous disease: fatal septicemia caused by an unnamed gram-negative bacterium.

A 2-year-old boy with proven X-linked chronic granulomatous disease was placed under continuous co-trimoxazole prophylaxis. He remained free of infection for 4 years. At age 6.25 years, he suddenly developed a fever with no localizing signs and died 16 days later in septic shock. A gram-negative, catalase-positive, halophilic, aerobic bacterium was cultured from blood, bone marrow, and ascitic fluid. This organism could not be identified in microbiological laboratories in Europe and the United States. Its biochemical features indicate that it may belong to a species which has not previously been described.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1981

Cellular fatty acids of Brucella canis and Brucella suis.

The cellular fatty acid composition of Brucella canis and Brucella suis was determined by gas-liquid chromatography. The presence of relatively large amounts of a 19-carbon cyclopropane fatty acid in B. suis was a major distinguishing feature between these organisms. The gas-liquid chromatography test for cellular fatty acids provides an additional criterion for the distinction of antigenically rough strains of B. suis which cannot be differentiated from B. canis by conventional procedures.

Animals↗