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R E Zinbarg

Publications and source records attributed to R E Zinbarg.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Anxiety sensitivity, panic, and depressed mood: a reanalysis teasing apart the contributions of the two levels in the hierarchial structure of the Anxiety Sensitivity Index.

Anxiety sensitivity (AS) has been defined as the fear of anxiety and anxiety-related sensations, and evidence suggests that AS plays an important role in the psychopathology of panic. It is entirely unclear whether the relation between AS and panic should be attributed to one (or more) of the AS group factors, the general AS factor, or to factors at both levels of the AS hierarchy. The authors reanalyzed data presented earlier by R. M. Rapee, T. A. Brown, M. A. Antony, and D. H. Barlow (1992) to tease apart the contributions of the different levels of the AS hierarchy to fear responses to hyperventilation and 5.5% carbon dioxide challenges. The results demonstrated that AS-Physical Concerns is the only one of the three AS group factors that contributes to relations with fear responses to these two challenges. However, AS-Mental Incapacitation Concerns had a stronger positive linear association with depressed mood than did AS-Physical Concerns.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

The structure and correlates of anxiety sensitivity in older adults.

Anxiety sensitivity (AS) has been defined as the fear of symptoms of anxiety and panic, and is most frequently assessed with the Anxiety Sensitivity Index (Peterson & Reiss, 1987). To investigate the nature and structure of AS in an older sample, data were collected from a sample of 322 adults aged 65 to 97, with mean age 75. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated a hierarchical structure with three group factors (physical concerns, mental incapacitation concerns, and social concerns), as well as a general factor, consistent with previous investigations. Results suggest that the nature and structure of the AS trait in older adults are highly similar to those of younger adults.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Individual differences in the acquisition of affectively valenced associations.

Two studies were conducted to test the predictions derived from the behavioral activation system and behavioral inhibition system theory of personality that trait anxiety is positively related to the speed of acquisition of punishment expectancies and impulsivity is positively related to the speed of acquisition of reward expectancies. Both studies used a standard approach-avoidance discrimination task with self-report measures of expectancies. Both studies found support for the hypothesized relation between trait and acquisition of punishment expectancies but not for the hypothesized relation between impulsivity and acquisition of reward expectancies. Study 2 suggested that the relation between trait anxiety and punishment expectancy is affected by the type of incentive and the type of trait anxiety measure used. The results suggest that highly trait anxious individuals are more susceptible to developing new sources of anxiety than others.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1996

Structure of anxiety and the anxiety disorders: a hierarchical model.

The authors used a semistructured clinical interview and a self-report battery of questionnaires to measure key features of the anxiety disorders in a large sample of patients seeking treatment at an outpatient anxiety disorders clinic and in a no mental disorder group. Results were consistent with hierarchical models of anxiety and the anxiety disorders such as the model implicit in American Psychiatric Association (1987, 1994) and trait models positing a trait diathesis common to all the anxiety disorders. A higher order general factor differentiated each of the patient groups from the no mental disorder group. Several lower order factors provided the basis for differentiation among the patient groups. Conclusions regarding the degree to which models predicting a hierarchical structure of anxiety and the anxiety disorders are empirically supported must await replication of these results with additional samples.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

The DSM-IV field trial for mixed anxiety-depression.

OBJECTIVE: This field trial was designed to answer four questions. First, are patients presenting with anxious or depressed symptoms that are associated with significant impairment but do not meet DSM-III-R definitional thresholds for axis I anxiety or mood disorders? Second, is the impairment experienced by these patients simply the consequence of the severity of their medical conditions? Third, what percent of these patients present with depressive symptoms only, anxious symptoms only, and a mixture of both? Fourth, how should the operational criteria for the syndrome(s) presented by these patients be defined? METHOD: A total of 666 patients from five primary care medical sites and two outpatient mental health sites were administered a semistructured psychiatric interview. RESULTS: Patients presenting with affective symptoms that did not meet definitional thresholds for DSM-III-R axis I disorders were at least as common as patients with several of the already established anxiety and mood disorders in each of the seven sites, and their disorders were associated with significant distress or impairment. A nonspecific pattern of anxious and depressed symptoms was the modal presentation among these patients with currently subdefinitional threshold disorders, and they could be significantly differentiated in terms of current symptoms from patients presenting with a principal diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder, major depressive episode, or panic disorder with agoraphobia. CONCLUSIONS: The authors recommend that a mixed anxiety-depression category be included in the DSM-IV appendix for proposed diagnostic categories that need further study. A criteria set is proposed.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1993

Information processing and classical conditioning: implications for exposure therapy and the integration of cognitive therapy and behavior therapy.

This article reviews Wagner's standard operating procedures (SOP) model, an information processing model of conditioning, and some of its supporting evidence. The implications of this model for behavior therapy are explored. Applying the SOP model to the anxiety reduction technique of exposure, it is predicted that: (1) rehearsal and attention-focusing should facilitate whereas distraction should attenuate the long-term benefits of exposure; and (2) successful exposure therapy should be associated with a demonstrable allocation of cognitive processing resources and indications of enhanced elaborative processing of the feared stimuli. At a more general level, the SOP model may provide a bridge between traditional behavior therapy techniques and the principles that underly cognitive therapy. That is, the SOP model suggests that even those behavior therapy techniques which represent the most straightforward applications of conditioning procedures can be seen as being mediated by information processing mechanisms.

Anxiety Disorders↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sexual victimization, generalized perception of control, and posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity.

We examined the relations among various characteristics of sexual victimization, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity, and generalized perception of control. Our main focus lay in testing three predictions derived from the animal model of PTSD articulated by Foa, Zinbarg, and Olasov-Rothbaum (1992) based on the effects of uncontrollable and/or unpredictable aversive events. A sample of 117 female undergraduates participated and completed self-report measures of past experience with child sexual abuse, adult sexual victimization, PTSD symptom severity, and locus of control. The results showed that child sexual abuse experienced on multiple occasions was associated with diminished generalized perception of control and that diminished generalized perception of control is associated with greater PTSD symptom severity following adult sexual victimization when experienced on a single occasion or involving force. These results provide partial support for the uncontrollability/unpredictability model of PTSD. Further research is necessary, however, to firmly establish the direction of causality involved in these associations.

Adolescent↗