Biomedical subjects

R Ecochard

Publications and source records attributed to R Ecochard.

11 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1992

In vivo effects of high-intensity ultrasound on prostatic adenocarcinoma Dunning R3327.

High-intensity ultrasound has been used to treat Dunning R3327 prostatic adenocarcinoma implanted s.c. in Fischer Copenhagen rats. Focused ultrasound was generated with a 1-MHz transducer and energy was provided by a 7.5-kW power amplifier. Seventy-four rats were treated using two different sublines of Dunning tumor. Study 1 dealt with 49 rats with the Mat-Ly-Lu subline, treated with acoustic intensities ranging from 300 to 2750 W/cm2. Of the 49 rats in Study 1, 30 had complete tumor necrosis and 19 had no effect; of the 30 who had complete local tumor necrosis, 14 had local relapse, 9 had distance metastases to lung and nodes without local occurrence, and 7 remained free of tumor and were still alive 12 months after treatment. In Study 2, 25 rats with AT2 subline were treated with an intensity of 820 W/cm2. Similarly for Study 2, there was complete local tumor necrosis in 24 of 25 animals, with local regrowth in 7 of 24 and no recurrence of metastasis in the remaining 16 after a follow-up of 3 months. These results suggested that high-intensity focused ultrasound could be useful for the treatment of small localized cancerous tumors such as low-grade prostate carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1992

Spontaneous and ionophore induced acrosome reaction in asthenozoospermic infertile semen.

Spontaneous and ionophore-induced ability of spermatozoa to acrosome-react was examined in asthenozoospermic infertile patients and fertile donors. Spermatozoa were washed free of seminal plasma and capacitated in B2 medium for 2 h at 37 degrees C. Subsequently 5, 10, 20 and 30 microM A23187 (final concentrations) were added to equal aliquots of these samples and incubated for an additional 30 min. The acrosome reaction was then determined by the triple stain technique. The percentage of spontaneous reaction (no ionophore) in asthenozoospermic samples was similar to that in fertile samples (4.2 and 3.8, respectively). However, the ionophore-induced reaction rate remained significantly lower in asthenozoospermic samples than in normozoospermic samples.

Acrosome↗

PubMed1992

[Prophylactic drainage after thyroidectomy: a randomized trial].

A randomized clinical trial of surgical drainage in thyroid surgery was performed with 97 patients. Using equivalence testing it is reported that morbidity was not significantly different between the two groups and the length of hospital stay was shorter in the undrained group. It is possible to perform thyroidectomy without drainage in a selected population.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

[Which anti-ischemic treatment can be prescribed during and after the acute phase of myocardial infarction?].

After myocardial infarction, calcium channel blockers are the most prescribed anti-ischemic drugs followed by nitrate derivatives and beta blockers. In order to assess whether this attitude is justified by published data on their efficacy, a meta-analysis of trials of anti-ischemic drugs in myocardial infarction was performed. The early mortality was 13.3% in the group treated by IV nitrates in the acute phase of myocardial infarction and 17.2% in control groups, reducing the risk by a quarter (95% confidence interval of the odds ratio (CI): 0.55-0.95). When all nitrate derivative trials were grouped together, the reduction in the risk of death of 21% was significant (from 15% to 11.8%) (CI: 0.59-0.94). Although oral nitrate derivatives introduced during the acute phase and continued for several weeks induced a non-significant reduction in mortality of 16%, when given intravenously, the benefits on early and longer term mortality were unquestionable. The mortality was 9.8% in the groups treated by calcium channel blockers and 9.3% in control groups (NS); the recurrent infarct rate was 4.8% and 5.4% respectively (NS). In this family of drugs, there was no product which distinguished itself from the others with regard to beneficial or adverse effects. The early mortality decreased from 9.2% to 8.2% in the groups treated by oral beta-blockade--a risk reduction of 10% (NS) and from 4.2% to 3.7% with intravenous beta-blockers--a risk reduction of 12% (p = 0.03). Late mortality decreased from 9.4% to 7.6%, a reduction of 20% (p < 0.00001) in long term trials.2+ contraindication of betablockers in patients without cardiac failure.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗

PubMed1992

[Mammary microcalcifications: is there a consensus on interpretation and management?].

Twenty two view mammograms without magnification, with microcalcifications corresponding to non palpable breast lesions, were submitted to 23 experienced observers, either gynaecologists or radiologists. These mammograms consisted of 10 malignant lesions and 10 benign lesions; all of them underwent surgical procedures. The microcalcifications were graded and categorized into one of the four groups: malignant; suspect; slightly suspect; benign. One of the four options was proposed: biopsy; mammogram within 3 months; mammogram within 6 months; mammogram within a year. Twelve observers out of 23 have referred to a classification. The mammograms were assessed according to a consensus. The validity of that diagnostic test was studied in various clinical situations and the lack of homogeneity of the responses was quantified. In the trade-off situation between sensitivity and specificity (suspect or malignant considered as positive), sensitivity is 50% and specificity is 70%. Moreover, the responses are not homogeneous at all and this lack of homogeneity is found to be statistically significant, greater than by chance alone. The diagnosis of cancer is more frequently put forward by the radiologists. This study explains the low predictive value of non palpable microcalcifications undergoing surgical procedures: from 11.5 to 44% in the literature. Similarly, there is no agreement on the frequency of the follow-up for these microcalcifications when they do not lead to surgical procedures.

Breast Diseases↗

PubMed1991

Transient secretory IgA deficiency in mice after cyclophosphamide treatment.

Cyclophosphamide (Cy), an alkylating agent widely used in chemotherapy of leukemia and cancer, causes a well-documented toxicity on hematopoietic and lymphoid cells. Neutropenia is thought to be the main factor involved in infectious complications following antimitotic chemotherapy. Little is known on the effects of these therapies on the mucosal associated lymphoid system which is one of the main barriers against environmental pathogenic agents. The present study examined the effects of a single administration of Cy (200 mg/kg) on murine T and B cell populations of Peyer's patches (PPs), IgA secretion in the proximal part of the small intestine, and plasma cells of the lamina propria. Cy induced in mice a transient decrease in the T and B cell populations of the PPs with a drastic fall of B cell counts and a profound decrease of intestinal IgA secretion due to a reduction of lamina propria plasma cells. This transient secretory IgA deficiency may contribute to the infectious complications following antimitotic chemotherapy.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Influence of associated valvular lesions on long-term prognosis of mitral stenosis. A 20-year follow-up of 202 patients.

Other valvular lesions associated with pure MS were studied in 202 consecutive patients whose mean age was 43.4 +/- 12.7 years; 76.7% were females. MS was isolated in 63.4%, associated with aortic regurgitation (AR) in 27.7%, aortic stenosis in 1.0%, tricuspid stenosis (+aortic valve lesion) in 1.0%. In isolated MS, 42.4% were NYHA class III or IV, compared with 49.0% in MS + aortic valve lesion. One hundred and sixty-nine (85.4%) patients were operated on; 23.1% had mitral valve replacement, 76.9% had closed (31.4%) or open (45.6%) mitral commissurotomy; 7.1% had associated aortic valve replacement. There were perioperative complications in 20.4%, and the perioperative death rate was 4.1%. Two patients were reoperated in the postoperative course, and 28 patients after this period. The follow-up was 13.3 +/- 4.5 years. The survival rate was 77.7 +/- 4.6% (SE) for isolated MS, and 71.1 +/- 6.3% for MS associated with an aortic valve lesion (NS). The prognosis of MS is very good: the survival rate at 20 years follow-up is 75%. The association of aortic stenosis or tricuspid stenosis does not appear to alter this survival, but numbers are small. Important aortic regurgitation is a significant predictor of higher mortality in patients with MS.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Hyperactivated motility of sperm from fertile donors and asthenozoospermic patients before and after treatment with ionophore.

Hyperactivated motility of capacitated sperm was studied before and after contact for 30 min with the Ca2+ ionophore A23187. Sperm from fertile donors and asthenozoospermic infertile patients were incubated in the presence of increasing concentrations of A23187 in the medium. At 5-10 microM, the ionophore induced a significant increase (P less than 0.05) in the percentage of hyperactivation of sperm from asthenozoospermic subjects. Higher concentrations (20 and 30 microM) were needed to enhance hyperactivation of sperm in the fertile population. In the latter, extended contact with the ionophore induced no significant change compared to a 30-min incubation period. Since this type of movement is an essential feature of the fertilizing gamete, a low hyperactivation rate may partly explain fertilization failure in the asthenozoospermic group.

Calcimycin↗

PubMed1991

Descriptive analysis of a series of operations for prostatic adenomas in inhabitants of Lyon, France, in 1988. Urological College of Lyon.

A retrospective, population-based study was conducted in Lyon, France, to elucidate the benefits and risks of a treatment for prostatic adenoma (benign prostatic hyperplasia). Case records were reviewed for all prostatectomies performed on patients in Lyon in 1988 for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Data were obtained from all records of public and private hospitals. Of 408 procedures, 312 involved endourethral resection (transurethral resection) and 96 open surgery. The mean weight of resected tissue was 20.3 +/- 0.9 g after endourethral resection and 71.7 +/- 6.4 g after open surgery. About 20% of the resections took place in a university hospital center, 43% in a not-for-profit private hospital, and 37% in a private clinic; there were eight deaths in the first 3 postoperative months, and 11 patients required hospitalization for urologic complications. Length of hospital stay uniquely correlated with age and type of surgery.

Aged↗

PubMed1990

Gamete intra-fallopian transfer with cryopreserved donor semen following AID failure.

Results are presented of gamete intra-Fallopian transfer with cryopreserved donor semen in cases of male infertility with azoospermia or extreme oligozoospermia. The female partners had no detectable infertility problems and they had first received 10 cycles of intracervical AID without success. Forty-one GIFT cycles performed on 22 such patients gave an overall pregnancy rate of 26.8% (11/41). In 64% (9/14) of these cases, pregnancy occurred after the first GIFT attempt. From these results it is suggested that GIFT with donor semen may be a reasonable alternative after AID failure. The probable reasons for success of GIFT are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

[Characteristics of the menstrual cycles during the postpartum period without breast feeding according to the nature of the first period: ovulatory or anovulatory].

The authors have analyzed the characteristics of menstrual cycles during the post-partum without breastfeeding, according to the nature of the first period. 172 women gave the thermal curve from childbirth to the first period. Among them, 118, 111, 98 and 54 women gave the self-observation data concerning, respectively, the first, second, third and the fourth cycle after the first period. They have noticed more short luteal phases and delays in ovulation after an anovulatory first period than after an ovulatory first period. The hormonal studies in the post-partum without breastfeeding seem not to explain the whole of these anomalies ascertained beyond twelve post-partum weeks. Most authors admit that the gonadotropin axis returns to a normal state within the fifth post-partum week. Because of the peculiar kinetics of follicle development, the ovary could be an important component of the "remnant effect of gestation", that is to say, of the delay of return to post-partum ovulation following the gestation state.

Adult↗