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Biomedical subjects

R Edelman

Publications and source records attributed to R Edelman.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Immunity to rotaviruses.

A potent, multivalent, serotype-specific RV vaccine and improved tests for measuring vaccine potency would help eliminate the necessity to pretest for vaccine efficacy in every country selected for its deployment. Until then, the need will continue for vaccine trials in various countries because the pathogenesis and epidemiology of RV and RV serotypes differ between and within countries. Although RV vaccinology is complex, it has forged ahead of our knowledge of RV immunopathogenesis and epidemiology.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Two sequential outbreaks of rotavirus gastroenteritis: evidence for symptomatic and asymptomatic reinfections.

In two sequential outbreaks of rotavirus gastroenteritis that occurred in a kibbutz in southern Israel (the Negev), 32 persons (9% of the population) were ill in the first and 45 (13% of the population) in the second. Excretion of virus, changes in titers of rotavirus-specific serum IgG, or both implicated rotavirus in 72% of the illnesses in outbreak 1 and in 56% of the illnesses in outbreak 2. In both outbreaks the age-specific morbidity rate decreased with increasing age. Half (six of 12) of the children six to 27 months of age who were ill with rotavirus in outbreak 1 were ill with rotavirus again in outbreak 2, whereas two were asymptomatically infected; older children who were ill in outbreak 1 were not ill in outbreak 2. Serotype determination by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using monoclonal antibodies to VP7 implicated a serotype 3 virus in outbreak 1 and a serotype 1 virus in outbreak 2.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Lyme disease ecology in Wisconsin: distribution and host preferences of Ixodes dammini, and prevalence of antibody to Borrelia burgdorferi in small mammals.

Lyme disease recently has been recognized in Wisconsin. Trapping studies were conducted at four geographically separate and ecologically distinct regions in Wisconsin to elucidate the distribution and host preferences of Ixodes dammini on small and medium sized mammals, and the occurrence of antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi in these wild mammals. Peak I. dammini larval activity occurred from June-September. Nymphs were most active from May-August. White-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) and chipmunks (Tamias striatus) were important hosts for immature ticks. Mean numbers of I. dammini per mouse were highest in regions of high prevalence of Lyme disease. Antibody to B. burgdorferi was detected in sera of 60/371 (16%) white-footed mice, 5/104 (5%) chipmunks, 3/5 (60%) gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis), 0/8 raccoons (procyon lotor), and 0/12 opossum (Didelphis virginiana); antibody prevalence correlated positively with I. dammini occurrence, and seropositive animals were not detected in areas where I. dammini were not found. Two of 15 recaptured P. leucopus had greater than or equal to 4-fold changes in antibody titer. B. burgdorferi was cultured from blood of a P. leucopus captured in west-central Wisconsin, and was observed by direct immunofluorescence in 9/23 (39%) I. dammini nymphs. In Wisconsin, I. dammini has increased in numbers and has significantly expanded its range since its first recognition in 1968.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Determination of the inhibitory effect of a biologically active preparation on the reproduction of micro-organisms from the intestines of ruminants].

A procedure for the production of biologically active substances from pine and spruce needles was worked out within the research project Utilization of Tree Verdure. The product was referred to as a biologically active preparation. The fields of its possible uses include agriculture (animal production-feeding), cosmetics (production of pastes, soaps, etc.), pharmaceutical industry (after additional conditioning the product can be used for manufacturing medicinal drugs for the control of inflammatory diseases and the like). The biologically active preparation, i. e. the pine needle extract, was studied as to its effect on some of the most numerous microorganisms in the intestines of ruminants. As found, this preparation has a partial inhibitive action on the growth and reproduction of microorganisms. The biologically active preparation is an extract isolated from the needles by means of 0.3% sodium hydroxide. Besides extractive substances it also contains the residues of organellae of cellular nature (which got into the extract through the filter during the process of preparation) and a small amount of fibre (0.33%). The chemical composition of the biologically active preparation is varied: until now about 220 substances, many of which are biologically active, have been found to be present in the product.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Influence of the degree of metabolic control on physical fitness in type I diabetic adolescents.

Seventeen type I male diabetic adolescents and 17 control subjects matched for age, height, and weight were submitted to maximal exercise on a bicycle ergometer. The diabetic subjects were divided into two groups according to their degree of metabolic control using total glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1): group 1, diabetics with HbA1 less than 8.5% (n = 9) and group 2, diabetics with HbA1 greater than 8.5% (n = 8). Oxygen uptake, pulmonary ventilation, and heart rate were recorded at rest and at maximal load. Glucose, lactate, and free fatty acids were determined in blood before and after exercise. Maximal work load and oxygen uptake were significantly lower in the two diabetic groups than in the healthy controls. An inverse relationship was observed between HbA1 concentration and the maximal work load (r = -0.63; P less than 0.01). It can be concluded that diabetic adolescents should obtain the best possible degree of metabolic control to improve their performances.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Experimental inoculation of Peromyscus spp. with Borrelia burgdorferi: evidence of contact transmission.

In order to determine if Peromyscus spp. could become infected with the Lyme disease spirochete (Borrelia burgdorferi) by direct inoculation and to determine the duration of spirochetemia, 4 P. leucopus and 5 P. maniculatus were inoculated by the intramuscular, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous routes with an isolate of B. burgdorferi obtained from the blood of a trapped wild P. leucopus from Camp McCoy, Wisconsin. All of the mice developed antibodies to B. burgdorferi which reached a peak indirect immunofluorescent (IFA) geometric mean antibody titer of 10 log2 21 days post-inoculation. B burgdorferi was recovered from the blood of 1 P. maniculatus 21 days post-inoculation. One uninfected Peromyscus of each species was housed in the same cage with the infected Peromyscus as a contact control. Both of the contact controls developed IFA B. burgdorferi antibodies by day 14, indicating contact infection. To determine if B. burgdorferi was being transmitted by direct contact, 5 uninfected P. leucopus and 5 uninfected P. maniculatus were caged with 3 B. burgdorferi infected P. leucopus and 3 infected P. maniculatus, respectively. Each of these contact-exposed P. leucopus and P. maniculatus developed antibodies to B. burgdorferi, and B. burgdorferi was isolated from the blood of 1 contact-exposed P. maniculatus 42 days post-initial contact. These findings show that B. burgdorferi can be transmitted by direct contact without an arthropod vector.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Prevention and treatment of infectious diarrhea. Speculations on the next 10 years.

The next decade should explode with exciting schemes and novel agents for the prevention and treatment of infectious diarrhea. The development of oral, nonabsorbed antibiotics will continue, but new antidiarrheal drugs, such as gastrointestinal hormone analogues and alpha-adrenergic agonists, will be added to our therapeutic armamentarium. Improved oral rehydration solutions, such as glycine in electrolyte solution, promise to revolutionize the management of diarrhea by diminishing diarrheal stool volume to the point where losses are too small to be clinically relevant. Infant formulas and adult oral solutions fortified with antibodies raised against selected enteropathogens may provide a way to prevent infectious diarrheas in infants and travelers. Advances in genetic engineering will usher in a new era of experimental and licensed enteric vaccines, including those against cholera, Escherichia coli, Shigella, typhoid fever, and rotavirus.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Acute diarrheal infections in infants. I. Epidemiology, Treatment, and prospects for immunoprophylaxis.

Epidemiologic differences that appear to be geographic or climatic actually relate more closely to socioeconomics and sanitation. Regardless of etiology, the major management problems are those of dehydration and its sequelae. Progress toward development of antibacterial and antiviral vaccines is discussed. Next month the viral and bacterial agents that cause diarrheal infections will be reviewed.

Bacterial Vaccines↗
PubMed1979

Evaluation in humans of a new, inactivated vaccine for Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (C-84).

A new, formalin-inactivated vaccine for Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus (C-84), prepared from an attenuated vaccine strain of virus (TC-83), was tested in humans. Only occasional, mild, local and systemic reactions were noted in 28 volunteers; no meaningful changes in clinical laboratory values occurred. The vaccine augmented preexisting titers of serum neutralizing antibody to VEE virus in seropositive recipients of TC-83 vaccine, and it induced high titers of neutralizing antibody in nonimmune subjects after one primary and two booster vaccinations. Circulating antibody persisted for at least 14 months in these persons. The neutralizing antibody produced after one dose of C-84 vaccine in immune subjects and after booster doses in nonimmune subjects had broad cross-reactivity within the VEE virus complex. The C-84 vaccine induced a VEE virus-specific lymphocyte transformation response. The vaccine was safe, and immunologic results showed it to be highly antigenic in healthy immune and nomimmune adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Interaction of alphaviruses with human peripheral leukocytes: in vitro replication of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus in monocyte cultures.

Human peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) were examined for their ability to support growth of several group A arboviruses in vitro. Cells were refractory to infection with eastern (EEE) and western (WEE) equine encephalitis viruses, whereas Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus was shown to infect and replicate to a substantially high titer. When PBL were fractionated into purified subpopulations, only the monocytes were susceptible to predictive VEE virus infection. Lymphocytes treated 24 h before virus inoculation with phytohemagglutinin (10 microgram/ml) were capable of propagating significant amounts of VEE virus. A monocytic cell line, J-111, was also susceptible to infection with VEE, EEE, and WEE viruses, whereas a lymphocytic cell line, Raji, was refractory. Additional information on the participation of PBL during human infection with these viruses may add considerably to our understanding of their differing pathogenicities and clinical pictures.

Arboviruses↗