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Biomedical subjects

R Eisele

Publications and source records attributed to R Eisele.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Pacemaker therapy for the sick sinus node syndrome. Does the atrially involved pacemaker system lower the frequency of atrial fibrillation and thromboembolic complications as well as mortality?].

Between 1986 and 1992, pacemakers were implanted in 307 patients with symptoms caused by the sick sinus syndrome (SSS). 301 patients were regularly followed up (161 men, 146 women, mean age 72.9 [27-91] years) of whom 180 had a VVI, 65 and AAI and 58 a DDD/DDI pacemaker. Mean follow-up period was 58.3 months for VVI-stimulated patients and 35.6 months for atrial paced patients. The data were analysed retrospectively to ascertain whether a change in pacemaker treatment to a more physiological system produced any lowering in the mortality rate, incidence of permanent atrial fibrillation (AF), and thromboembolic phenomena. The annual mortality rate of the VVI-stimulated patients was 6.9%, that of atrial paced patients 2.8%. Age, abnormal ventricular function, survived resuscitation and diabetes mellitus each correlated with a shortened life expectancy already at the time of implantation, regardless of the pacemaker mode. Permanent AF was more frequent during VVI stimulation (16% vs 7%), especially if it had been preceded by intermittent AF (26% vs 13%). But there was no significant difference with regard to transitory cerebral ischaemic episodes and peripheral arterial emboli (15% vs 10%). Fewer patients with atrial pacing went into heart failure (20% vs 30%). Four patients developed a high-grade atrioventricular (a-v) block on AAI stimulation (annual incidence 2.4%). - These observations suggest that patients with SSS should always have atrial paced pacemaker systems. If a-v conduction is disturbed, a bifocal pacemaker is the system of choice.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Thrombolytic therapy of antithrombin III-deficiency-induced mesenteric vein thrombosis in a newly operated patient].

A 21-year-old patient presented with extensive thrombosis of the mesenteric veins. He was in a serious condition after laparatomy in another hospital. The cause of the thrombotic event was found to be an inherited antithrombin III-deficiency. As a sole therapeutic possibility a systemic lysis with streptokinase was performed and was followed by a favourable immediate result. Unfortunately the subsequent course was complicated by a histologically confirmed necrotizing arteritis which was responsible for the lethal outcome 57 days after admission.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Clinical and pharmacokinetic evaluation of zuclopenthixol acetate in Viscoleo.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate zuclopenthixol acetate in Viscoleo, a new preparation to be administered once every 3 days, in the early treatment of acute psychotic episodes and acute deterioration of chronic psychosis. 21 cases were included in the study: patients received 1 to 3 injections. Clinical evaluation was made at 24, 48 and 72 hours after each injection, using the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Results at end-point indicated a marked or moderate therapeutic effect in the 11 cases of acute psychosis. A statistically significant decrease was observed for the total BPRS score as well as for its subscales. Among 8 cases of exacerbation of chronic psychosis, 4 patients showed a moderate therapeutic effect, and minimal or no effect was found in the other 4 subjects. The total BPRS decreased significantly, but to a lesser extent than for acute psychosis. Two patients suffering from mania showed a moderate therapeutic effect according to CGI. 8 cases of acute psychosis and 5 cases of chronic psychosis did not suffer from any neurological side-effects. Plasma concentration measurements suggest that a dose of 50 mg per 3 days may be sufficient for early treatment of most acutely ill psychotic patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Quantitative approach to treatment with incisive neuroleptics by therapeutic monitoring].

The problems encountered during the longterm treatment of psychotic patients with neuroleptics are illustrated by six typical case reports. A group of patients who had had a new acute episode despite seemingly adequate treatment were selected. In these six cases it was demonstrated that the neuroleptics dosage was inappropriate, being either too high or too low as judged from the plasma concentrations. Ways of improving the adequacy of the treatment of psychotic patients with neuroleptics are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Comparative determination of flupentixol in plasma by gas chromatography and radioimmunoassay in schizophrenic patients.

A new method of measuring flupentixol in plasma was developed using gas chromatography (GC) with a nitrogen-phosphorus detector. The minimal quantifiable concentration was 0.5 ng/ml and the day-to-day coefficient of variation was 9.4% at 2 ng/ml. A comparison of flupentixol concentrations measured with radioimmunoassay (RIA) and GC was undertaken on 100 plasma samples obtained from 50 schizophrenic patients. The RIA method tended to overestimate flupentixol concentrations compared with GC. The reasons for this discrepancy might be the presence in plasma of the inactive trans(E)-flupentixol isomer and metabolites of flupentixol, which would cross-react with the antibody. The results of this study show that GC can be used for therapeutic monitoring of flupentixol.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

Plasma flupentixol concentrations and clinical response in acute schizophrenia.

Twenty-three acutely psychotic inpatients treated with flupentixol were included in the study. Steady-state plasma concentrations were compared with therapeutic outcome in a routine clinical setting. The threshold concentration for satisfactory antipsychotic effect appeared to be approximately 2 ng/ml. Controlled studies are needed to establish the existence and exact limits of a therapeutic window.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

Plasma haloperidol levels and therapeutic response in acute mania and schizophrenia.

In an open study, 18 patients suffering from an acute episode of schizophrenia and 18 patients with severe mania were given haloperidol at different dosage levels. Haloperidol plasma concentrations were measured and the status of the patients was evaluated at intervals using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). No correlation was found between the oral dose and the plasma concentrations in the schizophrenic group, but there was a low correlation for manic patients. In both groups, however, there was a correlation between these two parameters when the drug was given intramuscularly. There was no correlation between haloperidol plasma concentrations and the BPRS scores. Of the 36 patients 28 responded well to the treatment and were discharged from hospital. A good relationship between the clinical status as observed by the clinicians and the BPRS score was found. Plasma haloperidol concentration measurement was found to be a useful tool for the detection of non-compliance or excessive plasma levels. Accordingly, the present study indicates the value of drug level monitoring as a means to improve therapy.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1983

[Winuron - alternative single-dose therapy of gonorrhea].

152 ambulatory patients suffering from gonorrhoea were treated with Winuron in an open clinical trial. A single oral dose of rosoxacin 300 mg proved to be sufficient to cure 97.4% of the patients. Follow-up examination revealed only 4 cases of Neisseria gonorrhoea left. Already 3 days after therapy, the clinical symptoms had subsided in 84.1% of the patients. The substance was well-tolerated. Side effects were observed in 14.5% of the cases, being mild and transitory, though. Good and antibacterial efficacy of rosoxacin in vitro as well as the high healing quotient in combination with the shortest possible duration of therapy make Winuron a valuable alternative to penicillin.

4-Quinolones↗
PubMed1981

The role of the cardiac nerves in regulation of sodium excretion in conscious dogs.

Conscious, chronically instrumented dogs, maintained on a high sodium intake, were used to investigate whether surgical cardiac denervation impairs the natriuresis associated with left atrial pressure increase produced in three ways: during an increase in left atrial pressure by means of a reversible mitral stenosis (protocol 1); after an i.v. saline load (1.0 ml 0.9% saline min-1 . kg-1 over 60 min) (protocol 2); after an oral saline load (14.5 mmol Na . kg-1 given with the food as isotonic solution) (protocol 3). During a reversible mitral stenosis, in intact dogs, urine volume and sodium excretion increased markedly (from 34--145 microliters . min-1 . kg-1 and from 3--12 mumol . min-1 . kg-1); mean arterial pressure increased by an average of 2 kPa (15 mm Hg) and heart rate by 53 b/min; plasma renin activity fell from 0.37--0.21 ng AI . ml-1 . h-1 . Cardiac denervation eliminated these effects of left atrial distension except for a small increase in heart rate (12 b/min). This indicates that the natriuresis and diuresis during left atrial distension resulted from stimulation of receptors located in the left atrium. In contrast, during protocol 2 and 3, the same amounts of sodium and water were excreted in the cardiac denervated dogs as compared to the intact dogs. A comparable decrease in plasma renin activity also was observed. -- Apparently the presence of the cardiac nerves is not a prerequisite for maintenance of sodium and water homeostasis.

Animals↗