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Biomedical subjects

R Eisenman

Publications and source records attributed to R Eisenman.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Using humor in psychotherapy with a sex offender.

Humor was used during psychotherapy with a 22-year-old child molester. The humor appeared to help establish rapport and led to his admission of desires to rape and torture adult women. Here exchange of humor seemed to be a helpful adjunct to psychotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Birth order, development and personality.

First borns tend to be different, some of the time, than children born into the other birth orders. This seems due to parental treatment. Parents are often overly anxious about their first child, and may be more restrictive with the first child than with later children. It may be that this is especially true if the first child is female, given the tendency of parents to be more protective of females than of males. Also, the first child has more time alone with the parents than subsequent children, by virtue of having no siblings until the second child is born. From the above factors, it appears that first borns grow up more fearful than later born children but also more intellectually oriented. These are only tendencies and would not be absolutely true in every instance. But, the birth order does seem to initiate a tendency for things to be as stated. As a result, first borns achieve much more than the other birth orders, perhaps due to early adult-oriented styles learned when they had only the parents and no other siblings. If this speculation is correct, the same finding should hold for only children as well. The greater anxiety, achievement, and creativity of some first borns means their lives may be very different as a result of having been the first born child in the family.

Achievement↗
PubMed1992

Treatment of incarcerated offenders. Possibilities and problems.

The author discusses in detail the operations of a prison treatment program for youthful offenders. Although a model program and an exception to the typical prison, the treatment program had problems. One is the inherent difficulty of working with anti-social people. The other, analyzed in detail, is the unpleasant nature of many of the prison staff, several of whom were unqualified to work in a treatment setting. Suggestions are made for humanizing the staff.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Attitudes of American youth concerning military and civilian jobs.

This study of 306 youths compared the attitudes toward military and civilian jobs among blacks, Hispanics, whites, and Asian-Americans, and for males versus females. Results indicated that blacks and Hispanics, but not Asian-Americans, had a more favorable attitude toward military service than did whites, and males viewed military service more favorably than did females. Military service was seen as patriotic and providing leadership training, while civilian jobs were seen as allowing for more freedom and being more enjoyable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Monitoring and postconfinement treatment of sex offenders: an urgent need.

In addition to French's 1991 idea that we need to have treatment of sex offenders which carries over from prison to the real world environment, it is suggested that there is also an urgent need for (a) monitoring the sex offender after release from incarceration and (b) postconfinement treatment, similar to that provided by Alcoholics Anonymous.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Matched group study of surgical resection versus cobalt-60 plaque radiotherapy for primary choroidal or ciliary body melanoma.

We report the results of a nonrandomized, matched-group, survival and visual preservation study of patients with a choroidal or ciliary body melanoma managed by microsurgical resection of the tumor versus cobalt-60 episcleral plaque radiotherapy. Each treatment group consisted of 30 patients. All patients were matched on a case-by-case basis in terms of tumor size (largest linear tumor dimension), location of the anterior tumor margin relative to the ora serrata, location of the posterior tumor margin relative to the equator, and age at the time of treatment. Although the estimated actuarial 5-year survival probability was slightly greater in the resection group (85.2%) than in the cobalt plaque group (81.8%), this difference was neither clinically impressive nor statistically significant. In contrast, there was a substantially higher rate of early posttreatment severe visual loss in the resection group (P = .0008, Mantel-Haenszel test).

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Comparative maternal and neonatal effects of halothane and enflurane for cesarean section.

The effects of placental transfer of enflurane and halothane were studied in 81 women undergoing cesarean sections. All patients had rapid sequence induction using thiopental, succinylcholine, and endotracheal intubation. They were then randomly assigned to one of five groups: Group I (n = 16) received N2O and oxygen, Group II (n = 16) N2O, oxygen, and 0.25% halothane, Group III (n = 18) N2O, oxygen, and 0.5% halothane, Group IV (n = 18) N2O, oxygen, and 0.5% enflurane, Group V (n = 13) N2O, oxygen, and 1% enflurane. At delivery, blood was drawn from the maternal artery, umbilical vein and artery for measurement of the halogenated agents using gas chromatography. The neonates were evaluated by Apgar scores, umbilical artery and vein acid base status and the Early Neonatal Neurobehavioral Scores (ENNS) at 2 and 24 h of age. Blood loss and the incidence of maternal awareness were also determined. The umbilical vein to maternal vein ratio was approximately 0.5 and 0.6 for enflurane and halothane, respectively. The umbilical artery to umbilical vein ratio was 0.5 with both agents; higher inspired anesthetic concentrations produced higher blood levels. All neonates had Apgar scores of 8 or more at 5 min with the exception of one neonate in the N2O group. Maternal and neonatal acid base status, blood loss, and ENNS were not affected by the addition of the halogenated agents. Of the patients who had N2O alone, 12% had awareness versus none in the other groups. These data demonstrate that low dose halothane or enflurane decreases the incidence of maternal awareness and does not adversely affect the neonate.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Expression of c-myc RNA in bursal lymphoma cell lines: identification of c-myc-encoded proteins by hybrid-selected translation.

We examined expression of the c-myc locus in four cell lines established from bursal lymphomas induced by avian leukosis virus. In all four lines the level of myc-related RNA was elevated. In three lines a majority of the myc-containing RNAs lacked viral-LTR-related sequences, in contrast to results obtained with primary tumors. This suggests that LTR sequences are not required for maintenance of high level c-myc expression. One line, RP9, has a complex pattern of myc RNAs containing LTR sequences, and one of these RNAs is packaged into virions. Using hybrid selection of RNAs with myc DNA, followed by in vitro translation, we detected translation of myc-related proteins from RNA of all four cell lines. The sizes of these proteins differ among the cell lines. The major polypeptides detected were 64, 57, and 54 kilodaltons. Events leading to elevation of c-myc transcription may be accompanied by alterations in mRNA initiation or processing that generate different protein products.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Developmental aspects of chromatin structure and gene expression.

We have attempted to investigate the conformational basis and developmental relevance of globin-associated hypersensitive sites in avian and human cells. Our results indicate that once formed, DNaseI-hypersensitive sites have the capacity to propagate their own structure to daughter cells in the absence of the original events that have led to their formation. We postulate that the single-stranded character (as revealed by S1 nuclease) of these DNaseI-hypersensitivity sites could explain these results. In addition, we show that the locations of hypersensitive sites in an active avian endogenous retrovirus remain unmethylated in mature sperm and suggest that this phenomenon could lead to the propagation of structural information from germ line to fertilized egg. We have also investigated the chromatin structure of the chromosomal DNA regions containing the human G gamma-, A gamma-, delta-, and beta-globin structural genes in both fetal and adult erythropoietic tissues. Our results indicate that DNaseI introduces specific cuts into the beta-globin gene cluster in erythroid cells, but not in white blood cells. The predominant sites are located at the 5' sides of the G gamma-, A gamma-, delta-, and beta-globin genes, within 200 bp of the respective CAP sites. Examination of fetal liver cells has revealed the presence of hypersensitive sites at the 5' side of all four genes, whereas analysis of adult bone marrow has revealed the characteristic sites near the delta- and beta-globin genes but no hypersensitive sites at the 5' termini of the G gamma- or A gamma-globin genes. The presence of delta- and beta-hypersensitive sites in fetal cells suggests that the increment in expression of the delta and beta genes during development most likely involves the modulation of another pathway to gene expression.

Chromatin↗
PubMed1981

Chromatin structure of endogenous retroviral genes and activation by an inhibitor of DNA methylation.

The transcriptionally active ev-3 and inactive ev-1 endogenous retrovirus loci in chick cells differ in that ev-3 is undermethylated, preferentially sensitive to DNase I digestion, and contains nuclease hypersensitive sites in each of its two long terminal repeats. Transient exposure of cells to 5-azacytidine, a cytosine analogue which cannot be methylated at the 5 position, results in the hypomethylation and transcriptional activation of ev-1, as well as the acquisition of at least one nuclease-hypersensitive site within the chromosomal domain of ev-1.

Animals↗