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Biomedical subjects

R Elder

Publications and source records attributed to R Elder.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Development of a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of serum antibodies to O157 antigen of Escherichia coli.

The O157 antigen of Escherichia coli shares structural elements with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigens of other bacterial species, notably Brucella abortus and Yersinia enterocolitica 09, a fact that confounds the interpretation of assays for anti-O157 antibodies. To address this problem, a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (bELISA) was designed with E. coli O157:H7 LPS as the antigen and a monoclonal antibody specific for E. coli O157, designated 13B3, as the competing antibody. The bELISA had equivalent sensitivity to, and significantly higher specificity than, the indirect ELISA (iELISA), detecting anti-O157 antibodies in sera from cattle experimentally inoculated with O157:H7. Only 13% of sera from naive heifers vaccinated for or experimentally infected with B. abortus had increased anti-O157 bELISA titers, while 61% of anti-O157 iELISA titers were increased. The bELISA is a sensitive and specific method for the detection of serum antibodies resulting from exposure to E. coli O157.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Authoritarianism and attitudes toward AIDS victims.

This study investigated the relationship of authoritarianism and attitudes toward AIDS victims in three samples. One hundred fifty-eight students at Oregon State University participated, including 101 students from the United States, 25 from Japan, and 32 from other Asian societies. The survey instrument included the 20-item Attitudes Toward AIDS Victims (ATAV) Scale, the 18-item F Scale, the Form A, and 14-item Formal Content of Dogmatism Scale. Results showed slight but significant correlations between the ATAV and F (r = .17, p less than .044) and Formal Content of Dogmatism (r = .20, p less than .023) Scales for the United States sample. Highly significant differences were found in the predicted direction among the three samples on authoritarianism, F = 43.94, p less than .001.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

Developmental regulation of SPO13, a gene required for separation of homologous chromosomes at meiosis I.

Previous studies have demonstrated that the SPO13 gene is required for chromosome separation during meiosis I in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In the presence of the spo13-1 nonsense mutation, MATa/MAT alpha diploid cells complete a number of events typical of meiosis I including premeiotic DNA synthesis, genetic recombination, and spindle formation. Disjunction of homologous chromosomes, however, fails to occur. Instead, cells proceed through a single meiosis II-like division and form two diploid spores. In this paper, we report the cloning of this essential meiotic gene and an analysis of its transcription during vegetative growth and sporulation. Disruptions of SPO13 in haploid and diploid cells show that it is dispensible for mitotic cell division. Diploids homozygous for the disruptions behave similarly to spo13-1 mutants; they sporulate at wild-type levels and produce two-spored asci. The DNA region complementing spo13-1 encodes two overlapping transcripts, which have the same 3' end but different 5' ends. The major transcript is 400 bases shorter than the larger, less abundant one. The shorter RNA is sufficient to complement the spo13-1 mutation. While both transcripts are undetectable or just barely detectable in vegetative cultures, they each undergo a greater than 70-fold induction early during sporulation, reaching a maximum level about the time of the first meiotic division. In synchronously sporulating populations, the transcripts nearly disappear before the completion of ascus formation. Nonsporulating cells homozygous for the mating-type locus show a small increase in abundance (less than 5% of the increase in sporulating cells) of both transcripts in sporulation medium. These results indicate that expression of the SPO13 gene is developmentally regulated and starvation alone, independent of the genotype at MAT, can trigger initial induction.

Chromosomes↗
PubMed1979

Bacteriologic monitoring in abdominal aortic surgery.

In patients who undergo abdominal aortic operations, cultures have been recommended perioperatively to identify potential sources of graft infection. Bacteriologic monitoring was done in a group of patients receiving antibiotics prophylactically. Of 197 bowel bag cultures, 28 (14.2%) demonsrated small numbers of bacteria, usually Staphylococcus epidermidis, while of 31 aneurysm wall cultures, 7 (22.6%) grew bacteria. Four (6.6%) of 60 urine cultures done preoperatively indicated a significant bacteriuria, necessitating postponement of elective operations. Twenty-eight (46%) of 61 wounds revealed organisms of low pathogenicity, none of which caused overt infection. While the majority of 63 nasal cultures grew bacteria, this result did not influence the management of any patient. Eleven graft infections occurred in 517 abdominal aortic grafts inserted between 1967 and 1977. In three patients, infection was already present at the time of emergency operation while in another three, infections occurred subsequently, due to paraprosthetic-enteric fistulas in two and septicemia secondary to an operation on the genitourinary tract in the third. In the remaining five patients, no cause for infection was identified. Thus, no bowel bag culture and only one aneurysm wall culture was useful. This study has failed to demonstrate the value of routine cultures perioperatively in patients who undergo abdominal aortic operations.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1975

The kinetics of in situ hybridization.

The kinetics of the cytological or in situ DNA-RNA hybridization reaction between 125-I HeLa cell 18S and 28S rRNA and the interphase nuclei of chinese hamster cells were studied. The reaction is consistent with the expected first order kinetics, and the value of the rate constant was very similar to the value obtained from analogous filter disc DNA-RNA hybridization experiments. This similarity in the rate constants and the known relationship between the rate constant and the complexity of the RNA hybridized, define conditions to optimize the in situ hybridization reaction.

Animals↗
PubMed1974

A comparison of hexachlorophene and lactacyd on growth of skin flora in healthy term newborn infants.

Reports of toxicity from the routine bathing of newborn infants with hexachlorophene resulted in discontinuing its use in the newborn nurseries of the Ottawa Civic Hospital, only to be followed by an outbreak of skin infections. As a result, a controlled trial of bathing newborn babies with either Lactacyd or pHisoHex was begun. The efficacy of the soaps was evaluated by comparing the colonization of the nose and umbilical cords of 158 pHisoHex-washed babies and 156 Lactacyd-washed babies on the day of discharge from hospital. The gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial flora of nose and cord of infants washed with pHisoHex and Lactacyd were identical in frequency and distribution.

Antisepsis↗
PubMed1973

Dying in the U.S.A.

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Attitude to Death↗