PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R F Bishop

Publications and source records attributed to R F Bishop.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Complement-fixing antibody response to rotavirus infection.

A human rotavirus complement-fixing (CF) antigen, prepared by purification of large volumes of fluid feces collected from children with winter diarrhea, was used to study the development and persistence of antibody in children with diarrhea and the prevalence of rotavirus antibody in Melbourne. In children with diarrhea, antibody rises were detectable within 4 to 6 weeks of the onset of illness, and the titers usually remained elevated for the next 1 to 2 years. CF antibody did not develop in two children with proven rotavirus infection aged less than 6 months, an age at which poor CF responses to other viruses have also been observed. A study of CF antibody levels in the general community showed that in Melbourne, most children have been infected with human rotavirus by the age of 3 years.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

Is lactase the receptor and uncoating enzyme for infantile enteritis (rota) viruses?

Rotaviruses are now regarded as important causes of diarrhoea in man, cattle, pigs, mice, and possibly other animals. Characteristically, disease occurs in newborn and young animals, and infection seems limited to the differentiated gut epithelial cells. The major surface polypeptide of the calf scours rotavirus is glycosylated, and highly purified beta-galactosidase (lactase) interacts with the virus in vitro causing removal of the outer shell of the capsid (uncoating). It is suggested that lactase present in the brush border of the intestinal epithelial cell performs a similar function in vivo by acting as a combined receptor and uncoating enzyme for the rotavirus. This hypothesis is consistent with the observations that rotaviruses seem to infect only gut epithelial cells, and that infant animals, whose lactase concentrations are generally higher than those of adult animals, seem more susceptible to rotavirus infections. Implications of the hypothesis include possible new approaches to laboratory cultivation of rotaviruses, which should be more successful in cells selected for surface lactase activity, and the suggestion that the epidemiology of human rotavirus infections may be influenced by the fact that different ethnic groups have different lactase levels (and hence lactose intolerance) in adulthood.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

New virus associated with diarrhoea in neonates.

Since December, 1974, there has been an increase in the incidence of acute diarrhoea in the neonatal nurseries of five Melbourne metropolitan hospitals. Four of these have had epidemics, and the incidence of endemic diarrhoeal disease has increased. Extracts of faeces from 148 patients from the five hospitals were examined by electron microscopy. "Duovirus" particles were detected in 82 of these extracts, including at least one from each hospital. No bacterial pathogens were isolated. It seems likely that "duovirus" is an important cause of sporadic and epidemic acute diarrhoeal disease in neonates. It is important to note that the absence of a recognized bacterial pathogen does not exclude an infective cause, especially when sugar intolerance is present. Appropriate measures to minimize the spread of infection must be employed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

The aetiology of diarrhoea in newborn infants.

Diarrhoea is a common problem in newborn infants in hospital nurseries. In the past, sporadic diarrhoea was often attributed to dietary indiscretion by the mother, and epidemic diarrhoea was though to be caused by an unknown infectious agent. Techniques with which to locate non-cultivable viruses and untypable enteropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli allow reevaluation of the aetiology of diarrhoea in newborn infants. Preliminary results from Melbourne, Australia, suggest that most diarrhoea in newborn infants is induced by a specific infectious agent. During 1975 the agent most often identified from sporadic and epidemic diarrhoea in hospital nurseries was a reovirus-like particle ("duovirus"). Enterotoxin-producing strains of E. coli were rarely isolated. Future attempts to protect newborn infants from developing diarrhoea must be based on an accurate understanding of the aetiology of this disease.

Australia↗
PubMed1976

An epidemic of diarrhoea in human neonates involving a reovirus-like agent and 'enteropathogenic' serotypes of Escherichia coli.

During December 1974, an epidemic of diarrhoea occurred in the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, in a ward caring for neonates with acute or chronic medical and surgical problems. Electron microscopy of diarrhoeal faeces revealed a reovirus-like particle ('duovirus' or 'rotavirus') known to cause acute enteritis in older children. This virus is considered to have been primarily involved in the aetiology of the epidemic. In addition, three 'enteropathogenic' serotypes of Escherichia coli were isolated from babies during the epidemic, but none produced enterotoxin when tested in ligated ileal loops of rabbits or in monolayers of Y1 adrenal cells. Further epidemics of neonatal diarrhoea must be studied using culture and electron microscopy of faeces to determine the relative importance of this virus and of E. coli in the aetiology of diarrhoea in this age-group.

Diarrhea, Infantile↗
PubMed1975

Importance of a new virus in acute sporadic enteritis in children.

In a year-long survey of children admitted with acute enteritis to hospital in Melbourne, Australia, an aetiological agent was found in approximately 75% of patients. During most months of the year a newly described virus belonging to the family Reoviridae was detected by electron microscopy of faecal extracts from more than 50% of patients. Recovery of this virus reached a peak (73%) during the winter. All age-group up to five years of age were susceptible to infection, which was occasionally fatal. Duration of infection was brief, with a probable incubation period of less than two days. Infections acquired in hospital were not uncommon. The name of this new virus is not decided. The name "duovirus" is proposed rather than "rotavirus" as previously suggested. There is already convincing evidence that this new virus will prove to be the most important aetiological agent of sporadic acute enteritis in young children.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1975

Immunofluorescence in duodenal mucosa of children with acute enteritis due to a new virus.

Electron microscopy od duodenal mucosa from children with acute non-bacterial enteritis has shown virus particles in epithelial cells. Indirect immunofluorescent techniques applied to the same tissue showed virus antigen localized in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells of the villi. Specific IgM antibody was present in sera from infected patients as early as two days after the onset of symptoms. Virus particles from different patients appeared to share a common antigen. The evidence presented supports our belief that this new virus was the cause of acute enteritis in the children studied.

Antigens, Viral↗