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Biomedical subjects

R F Garside

Publications and source records attributed to R F Garside.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1982

Temperamental patterns in aggressive boys.

Four groups of aggressive body ( and one group of controls) were studied, on the basis of: clinical referrals to a hospital clinic; teacher reports of assaultive behaviour in school; teacher reports of severe aggressive behaviour in school; and peer reports of aggressive behaviour. Questionnaire techniques were used to study behaviour and temperament. The last three groups proved to have rather similar patterns of behaviour and temperament and, therefore, they have been combined to give rise to an 'any school criterion' group. We compared three main groups: (i) clinical referrals; (ii) 'any criterion' (school-identified); and (iii) controls. On behaviour, the clinical group had the most adverse scores, especially on antisocial behaviour. The school-identified group also had a higher score than the controls on this dimension, and differed in degree from the clinical referral group. On temperament, the clinical referral group had a significantly more adverse score on all dimensions than both the controls and the 'any criterion' group. The 'any criterion' group scores were intermediate between the other two sets of scores. The differences on temperament between the control and the 'any criterion' groups appeared to be one of degree but not of type. Moreover, no specific type of temperament was associated with the different kinds of aggression we have studied. Principal components analysis supports the notion of no qualitative temperamental differences between the 'any criterion' and the control groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

School phobia: a therapeutic trial with clomipramine and short-term outcome.

A double-blind trial failed to demonstrate any significant short-term effects of clomipramine in doses recommended for use in general practice (in addition to the usual range of psychotherapeutic help) in the treatment of children with school refusal and neurotic disorder. Patterns of improvement were also studied for the sample as a whole irrespective of treatment. Neither age nor sex were significantly related to improvement, except on one behavioural measure where girls initially did better than boys. In addition, it was found that there was a rapid relief of depression but neurotic symptomatology tended to persist.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Multple criterion screen for identifying secondary school children with psychiatric disorder: characteristics and efficiency of screen.

A multiple criterion screen was developed as part of a study which was designed to assess different types of intervention for school children with psychiatric disorder. The foremost requirement was that false positives be kept to a minimum, with selected children being unequivocally disturbed. Children were identified for treatment by the following measures: (a) teacher rating on the Rutter B2 Scale, giving a total score and subscores for neurotic and antisocial behaviour; (b) peer ratings on a sociometric measure, yielding isolation and rejection scores; and (c) self ratings on the Junior Eysenck Personality Inventory, specifically the neuroticism dimension. A weighting system was developed so that children could be selected on the basis of extreme scores on either teacher or self-rating measures alone, or by a combination of less extreme scores on more than one measure. The results are presented and discussed.

Antisocial Personality Disorder↗
PubMed1979

Tardive dyskinesia and dementia.

Seventeen schizophrenic patients with tardive dyskinesia (TD) and 33 schizophrenics without tardive dyskinesia were examined by psychological tests of intellectual function and EMI scans were performed. The group as a whole were found to be demented and 31 out of 45 had abnormalities on the scan. On a learning test the tardive dyskinesia group did significantly worse and using a measured parameter of the scan (the Ventricular Index) the tardive dyskinesia group had more abnormality. It is suggested that the higher incidence of pathology in the tardive dyskinesia group may be related to chronic neuroleptic toxicity.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed1978

Multivariate statistical methods and problems of classification in psychiatry.

This paper is concerned with the use of multivariate statistical methods in relation to classification in psychiatry. There are two aspects of classification: the classification of symptoms to form syndromes and of patients into diagnostic groups. Critical papers are reviewed, and proposed severe limitations on the methods answered. The use of multivariate methods has increased objectivity and agreement between investigators, but differences remain, largely on issues in statistical logic, which must be resolved.

Depression↗
PubMed1977

Screening schoolchildren for high risk of emotional and educational disorder.

Junior schoolchildren were screened for high risk of emotional and educational disorder. The information was gathered from the school, using standard and objective tests. The multiple criterion screen employed, comprised: (a) classroom behaviour scale (Rutter B Scale), rated by teachers; (b) sociometric tests; choice of companions by classmates. From these, lack of positive choices was taken as a measure of isolation and a high rate of negative choices, as a measure of rejection; (c) Reading quotient of 75 or below on the Young Reading Test; (d) Absence from school for reasons considered by teachers to be trivial. The number of cases identified by the screening was found to be 322 children per thousand. They may be seen as representing a high risk rate. Using extreme scores as indicative of high risk, approximately 17 per cent of children were identified on the basis of the behaviour test; 12 per cent by the reading test; 9 per cent by the isolation test; 8 per cent by the rejection test and 3 per cent by the absenteeism test. Seventy per cent of the identified children were rated clinically as disturbed. Absenteeism identified the smallest percentage of cases and made the smallest independent contribution of identification. Isolation was not impressively related to neurotic or antisocial behaviour. The three important criteria, therefore, were behaviour, rejection and reading. Corrected disturbance rates for our population of 7-8-year-old children, including those not identified by the screen, were 6-8 per cent markedly maladjusted and 33-7 per cent somewhat maladjusted.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1977

A clinical trial of phenelzine in anxiety depressive and phobic neuroses.

A double-blind clinical trial of phenelzine and diazepam against placebo and diazepam in neurotic patients over a four-week period showed phenelzine to be superior to placebo on three rating scales in some groups of patients who completed the trial. The findings suggest that phenelzine may exert a beneficial effect on some as yet undefined features of anxiety and depression which were not revealed by a multiple regression analysis of clinical symptomatology or premorbid personality.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1977

Depression: a multivariate study of Sir Aubrey Lewis's data on melancholia.

Principal component analyses were carried out on 51 items abstracted from Lewis's 1934 and 1936 papers. The first component was bipolar, differentiating between endogenous items and those that were mainly neurotic. The distributions of the first component scores by cluster indicated that there were two separate clusters of patients, one mainly endogenous, the other neurotic. It was concluded that Lewis's data indicate that there are at least two qualitatively different depressive illnesses. Further component analyses were carried out using the 25 endogenous items. The first component was a general one of endogenous depression. The distributions of its scores were bimodal, indicating that there were two groups of patients, those who suffered from endogenous depression and those who did not. These analyses indicated that endogenous depression is a categorical illness.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1976

The differentiation of paranoid from affective psychoses by patients' premorbid characteristics.

Various premorbid characteristics of a group of patients aged 50 or over suffering from paranoid psychoses (N = 54) were compared with those of patients of similar age suffering from affective psychoses (N = 57). (The diagnoses were those of the consultants.) The presence of deafness was investigated in the manner described by Cooper et al(1974). Using the discriminant function method, the diagnostic groups were highly significantly differentiated by six independent variables, which in combination predicted 40 per cent of the variance. These were: a 'schizoid personality' factor, the number of surviving children, precipitating events, deafness, family history and social class.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed1976

A comparison of deaf and non-deaf patients with paranoid and affective psychoses.

A comparison was made of the social and domestic background, prepsychotic personality and symptomatology of deaf ('hard of hearing') and non-deaf patients aged 50 or over with paranoid or affective psychoses. The deaf patients were found to be a very heterogeneous group in respect of age of onset, duration, severity and pathological basis of their deafness, but there was a substantial subgroup of paranoid patients with deafness beginning before the age of 45 in whom the personality appeared to have been less deviating than in the remainder. It was thought that the deafness in this subgroup had possibly played a relatively specific role in causing the psychosis. Some problems in identifying deafness and assessing its significance are discussed.

Affective Symptoms↗