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Biomedical subjects

R F Marcus

Publications and source records attributed to R F Marcus.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Reactive and proactive aggression: attachment and social competence predictors.

In this study, 107 boys and girls aged 3 to 8 years were rated by their mothers on 6 factors: Reactive and Proactive Aggression, Secure and Insecure Attachment, and Prosocial Orientation and Social Initiative (i.e., social competence). Both secure attachment and prosocial orientation predicted proactive and reactive aggression, but prosocial orientation mediated the attachment-aggression relation in the case of reactive but not proactive aggression.

Aggression↗
PubMed1999

A gender-linked exploratory factor analysis of antisocial behavior in young adolescents.

One hundred sixty-three young adolescents (72 males, 91 females) were administered a 23-item self-report inventory measuring antisocial behaviors. Results were analyzed separately for males and females. Exploratory factor analysis showed antisocial behavior to be multidimensional and to have different factor structures for males and females. The three factors accounting for more than two-thirds of the variance in antisocial behavior are discussed in terms of specialization in drug/alcohol use and violence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Close relationships of violent and nonviolent African American delinquents.

One hundred and one incarcerated African American adolescent delinquents, 51 violent and 50 nonviolent were contrasted on background variables and measures of close relationships. Violent delinquents were found to be older, have a greater number of arrests, lower reading achievement scores, and were more likely to have a criminal parent in the home. Violent, as compared with nonviolent delinquent, showed differences in close relationships. Violent delinquents were more likely to perceive their mothers as showing more rejection/undifferentiated behavior and their attachments, mainly to hetero-sexual partners, were more anxious. The results were interpreted in terms of both quantitative and qualitative distinctions between violent and nonviolent delinquents, with violent delinquents showing greater impairment.

Achievement↗
PubMed1997

Efficacies of ofloxacin, rifampin, and clindamycin in treatment of Staphylococcus aureus abscesses and correlation with results of an in vitro assay of intracellular bacterial killing.

We studied the efficacies of ofloxacin, rifampin, and clindamycin in a Staphylococcus aureus abscess model and seven antimicrobial regimens in an intracellular killing assay. Ofloxacin plus rifampin was the most effective regimen in the abscess model, and rifampin and ofloxacin were the most active regimens in the intracellular killing assay.

Abscess↗
PubMed1996

The friendships of delinquents.

This article is a review of research concerning the friendships of delinquents and nondelinquents. Contrasting theories and corollary research have pointed to either the distinctiveness of delinquent friendships or to the commonality with normal friendships. On close examination, with exceptions due to methodological and sample features, the research has been more supportive of differences in behavioral, cognitive, and affective characteristics of friendships. Greater conflict, poorer attachment quality, lesser ability to repair relationships, cognitive distortions, and poorer social-cognitive problem solving characterize delinquent friendships. There is little support for the superior quality of friendships of delinquents, as some had speculated. A failure to find differences between delinquents and nondelinquents in certain studies may be traced to use of single-index measures of qualitative aspects or variations in the sample studied, but this cannot be taken to mean there are no differences in the population from which the samples were drawn.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Family correlates of social skill deficits in incarcerated and nonincarcerated adolescents.

This study examined social skill deficits in two groups of adolescent males--incarcerated and nonincarcerated. Family variables of structure and functioning were correlated with social skills. Subjects were selected from a local detention center and a university located in a rural county. Interviews were conducted to determine family functioning and structure and a a self-report social skills measure was administered. A significant relationship between social skill deficits and group membership was found and also that family structure is related to group membership. Several social skill measure subscales were found to be related to both family functioning and structure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The attachments of children in foster care.

Subjects for this research were 52 foster children (mean ages 7 years, 11 months) and their natural and foster parents. Case history files provided information concerning reasons for placing the children in foster care. Foster parents completed the Parent/Child Reunion Inventory (Marcus, 1988) measuring the "quality of reunion behavior" following separation. Foster mothers also completed the Child Behavior Checklist (Achenbach & Edelbrock, 1983), and measures of adult empathy were collected from both foster parents. Foster care workers rated the quality and intensity of attachment between the child and all parents. Finally, foster children were interviewed concerning their social supports, perception of affection from adults, and the quality of their relationships with adults and friends. Results showed that behavior and school achievement problems were predictable from measures of the quality of attachment with parents. The mean number of behavior problems of foster children were found to be midway between clinical and nonclinical norm groups. Children's perceptions of friends' behavior and degree of control over friends were related to their adjustment. Case history variables were also related to behavior problems and attachment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Validity of a child interview measure of attachment as used in child custody evaluations.

21 girls and 23 boys were interviewed using the Parent Attachment Structured Interview to measure their attachments to mother and father. Attachment scores were then correlated with scores on the internalizing, externalizing and social competence scales of the Child Behavior Checklist. For boys the greater the positive attachment to fathers the fewer the internalizing behavior problems and the greater the social competence. Positive maternal attachment for boys was also positively related to social competence. For girls positive attachment to fathers predicted fewer problems internalizing behavior. Contrary to expectations, maternal positive attachment for girls was negatively correlated with social competence. Recommendations for use of the modification of the child interview measure are given with regard to its use in child custody litigation.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1990

Parent-adolescent communication, family functioning, and school performance.

This paper presents the results of a test of theoretical postulates proposed by Olson, Russell, and Sprenkle (1983) using a matched set of adolescents and their parents. One set of families (n = 40) consisted of adolescents who had been unsuccessful in public school and were attending alternative schools, while the other (n = 52) was a matched group of public school adolescents and their families. Results showed predicted differences in the direction of greater balanced functioning (i.e., optimal cohesion and adaptability) and more positive communication in the public school families. Public school families also perceived greater congruence between perceived and ideal family functioning. Congruence and differences between adolescent and parent perceptions, the importance of positive communication for optimal functioning, and implications for family treatment are discussed.

Achievement↗