PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R Faggioni

Publications and source records attributed to R Faggioni.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Mechanisms of interleukin-2-induced depression of hepatic cytochrome P-450 in mice.

Interleukin-2 (15 micrograms/mouse, i.p. twice daily for 4 days and once on the 5th day) significantly lowered cytochrome P-450 and heme content and increased heme oxygenase mRNA accumulation; the activities of 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase, ethoxy- and pentoxyphenoxazone O-dealkylases were decreased. The activity of the type O form of hepatic xanthine oxidase increased, but there was no increase in lipid peroxide, expressed in terms of microsomal malondialdehyde. In vivo inactivation of xanthine oxidase activity by feeding mice with tungstate did not substantially change the degree of interleukin-2-induced cytochrome P-450 depression, suggesting that the two processes are not causally linked. Induction of tolerance to endotoxin by a 4-day pretreatment with lipopolysaccharide resulted in 50% protection against this depression despite inhibition of the interleukin-2 induced formation of tumor necrosis factor. This suggests that the release of tumor necrosis factor per se does not fully account for the depression of cytochrome P-450. Dexamethasone, already used in patients to reduce the toxicity of interleukin-2 therapy, provided full protection against the cytochrome P-450 depression.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Comparative study of administration time of mitomycin C in trabeculectomy: 2.5 or 5 minutes?].

BACKGROUND: To analyse the inocuity and the incidence of complications of a 0.2 mg/ml solution of Mitomycin C (M.M.C.), for two application time, 2.5 or 5 minutes. METHODS: 110 trabeculectomies were realised in 99 patients; they were high-risk (HR) patients in 66 cases, and low-risk (LR) patients in 44 cases. M.M.C. was used for 2.5 minutes in 44 cases (20 HR patients, 24 LR patients), and for 5 minutes in 66 cases (46 HR patients, 20 LR patients). RESULTS: In both groups HR and LR, there is no significant difference on the pressure lowering whether the 0.2 mg/ml solution of M.M.C. is used during 2.5 minutes or 5 minutes (Student t-test at 6 months: HR: p = 0.224; FR: p = 0.542). For the early and late complication in the HR group, there is no significant difference whether M.M.C. is used 2.5 or 5 minutes. In the LR group, there is a significant difference for hypothalamy (p = 0.035) and choroidal detachment (p = 0.027). In this LR group, there is no significant difference in the late complications. CONCLUSIONS: A 0.2 mg/ml solution of M.M.C., when indicated, may be used as well in the HR and LR group during 2'30". In the HR group, if there are several risk factors, we propose to adapt the application time between 2.5 and 5 minutes, and increase it by 1/2 or 1 minute for each risk factor.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Independent down-regulation of central and peripheral tumor necrosis factor production as a result of lipopolysaccharide tolerance in mice.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces a variety of central and peripheral effects that are largely mediated by cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Peripheral (intravenous [i.v.]) administration of LPS (2.5 micrograms per mouse) induced TNF levels in the serum and spleen but not in the brain, while central (intracerebroventricular [i.c.v.]) administration of LPS induced TNF production both in the brain and in the periphery. Mice challenged with LPS after LPS pretreatment (35 micrograms per mouse, intraperitoneally, as a single dose on day -3 or as a 4-day treatment on days -5 to -2) were unresponsive in terms of induction of serum TNF. When peripherally LPS-tolerant mice (where LPS pretreatment was given intraperitoneally) were challenged with an i.c.v. dose of LPS, brain (but not serum) TNF was still produced, meaning that the LPS-tolerant state was confined to the periphery. However, if LPS pretreatment was given i.c.v. (35 micrograms, as a single dose), the brain, like the periphery, became LPS tolerant in terms of TNF production. We investigated how tolerance to LPS affected two of its actions, decrease in food intake and induction of serum corticosterone (CS). After an i.v. challenge in peripherally LPS-tolerant mice, no decrease in food intake was observed, but this response was still elicited by an i.c.v. challenge. LPS tolerance reduced the CS response to i.v. and i.c.v. challenge. These results suggest that LPS-induced decrease in food intake might be a fully central effect, while the increase of serum CS might be due to both central and peripheral actions.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

N-acetylcysteine and glutathione as inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor production.

TNF is a major mediator in the pathogenesis of endotoxic shock, and its inhibition has a protective effect in various animal models of sepsis or endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) toxicity. LPS treatment also induces an oxidative damage mediated by increased production of reactive oxygen intermediates. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) is an antioxidant and a precursor of the synthesis of glutathione (GSH) and was reported to protect against LPS toxicity and LPS-induced pulmonary edema. In this study we investigated the effect of NAC on TNF production and LPS lethality in mice. The results indicated that oral administration of NAC protects against LPS toxicity and inhibits the increase in serum TNF levels in LPS-treated mice. The inhibition was not confined to the released form of TNF, since NAC also inhibited LPS-induced spleen-associated TNF. On the other hand, the inhibitor of GSH synthesis, DL-buthionine-(SR)-sulfoximine (BSO), had the opposite effect of potentiating LPS-induced TNF production, and this was associated with a decrease in liver GSH levels. Repletion of liver GSH with NAC reversed this effect. NAC was also active in inhibiting TNF production and hepatotoxicity in mice treated with LPS in association with a sensitizing dose of Actinomycin D. These data indicate that GSH can be an endogenous modulator of TNF production in vivo. On the other hand, NAC pretreatment did not inhibit other effects of LPS, particularly induction of serum IL-6, spleen IL-1 alpha, and corticosterone, in the same experimental model, suggesting that the observed effect could be specific for TNF.

Acetylcysteine↗
PubMed1992

[Short and long-term advantages and disadvantages of prolene monofilament sutures in penetrating keratoplasty].

The authors have studied the short and long-term advantages and inconveniences of Prolene monofilament sutures employed in perforating keratoplastic surgery. Contrary to Nylon, Prolene has the advantage of no structural or tensional modifications, postoperative measurements of corneal astigmatism thus remaining more stable with the time. Accordingly, where very little or no astigmatism is noted, the slight or no change in corneal refraction with time is an obvious advantage ot the patient. However, the use of Prolene in the beginning can cause some problems with continuous suture tension, either excessive or insufficient, which can result in serious complications. With training, these difficulties can be overcome and excellent results obtained.

Astigmatism↗
PubMed1992

[Long-term results of congenital glaucoma microsurgery--retrospective study].

Medium and long term results of trabeculotomy and goniotomy operations for primary congenital glaucomas treated in Lausanne between 1965 and 1990 were studied retrospectively. Parameters evaluated were intraocular pressure (IOP) and final visual acuity (VA). Data on IOP were available for 38 eyes. 66% underwent trabeculotomy and/or goniotomy (first group) the others needed further surgical or medical treatment (second group). IOP was equal or inferior to 19 mmHg in 88% of the first group and 62% of the second group at the end of the study (mean follow-up 13.1 years). Data on VA were available for 32 eyes. In the first group, 65% showed a VA of more than 0.5 compared to 33% for the second group. Therefore, we can consider trabeculotomy and goniotomy as early operations as advisable in first intention treatment of primary congenital glaucoma.

Female↗
PubMed1992

[Effect of naftidrofuryl (Praxilene) in primary open angle glaucoma: prospective double-blind study].

The positive effect of Naftidrofuryl (Praxilène), a specific serotonine-S2 receptor antagonist, has already been described in the treatment of normal pressure glaucoma. Despite the fact that in POAG intraocular pressure (IOP) is the primary ethiopathogenic mechanism, vascular factors could also influence the progression of the disease, especially in old patients with cardiovascular risk factors. We have studied the effect of Naftidrofuryl versus placebo in a randomised double-blind study on 42 POAG patients. Visual acuity, IOP, Visual field (Octopus program G1), Arterial pressure, Plasma viscosity have been recorded at 0, 12 and 24 weeks. Our results showed no difference between the Naftidrofuryl and the Placebo group for each studied parameter except a decrease of CLV at 12 weeks in the Naftidrofuryl group (p = 0.012). This suggests that Naftidrofuryl is not as effective in POAG as it is in normal tension glaucoma. Other studies with a greater patient - collective and the use of other vasoactive substances will be necessary in the future.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Treatment of normal pressure glaucoma with a serotonin S2 receptor antagonist, naftidrofuryl (praxilen)].

35 normal tension glaucoma patients were followed during 8 to 11 month. 12 patients received 2 x 200 mg/day Naftidrofuryl, a serotonine S2 receptor antagonist. As controles, another 23 patients were followed without treatment. The treated group, compared with the 23 non treated patients showed a significant increase in visual acuity (p = 0.001), a significant increase of the MS (p = 0.03), and a non significant decrease of the MD and CLV on the Octopus visual field (p, NS). The physiology and physiopathology of serotonine and S2 receptor antagonist are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[3 years' clinical experience with IOGEL lenses].

A total of 63 IOGEL PC-12 and 12 IOGEL 1103 intraocular lenses have been implanted at Lausanne and Basle University Eye Hospitals, and followed up for up to 3 years. In general, the functional and anatomic results are good. From a comparison of the behavior of IOGEL lenses implanted in the sulcus and capsular bag it is concluded that given a suitable surgical technique the IOGEL 1103 lens with implantation in the capsular bag may be recommended.

Acrylates↗
PubMed1990

Double-blind study in the treatment of normal tension glaucoma with naftidrofuryl.

Naftidrofuryl is an antiserotonin S2-specific agent, with the three following effects: (1) peripheral vasodilatation, (2) antiaggregation and (3) increase in cellular metabolic. These effects could be interesting in the management of the optic nerve ischemia of glaucomatous patients and especially of those with normal tension glaucoma. The administration of 2 x 200 mg/day of naftidrofuryl during 6 weeks to 12 patients with normal tension glaucoma has shown an improvement of the visual acuity and the visual field compared with a 6-week period of placebo administration, with a double-blind study method. It suggested that naftidrofuryl might be administered as a useful complement to conventional hypotensive therapy, since it acts positively on the glaucomatous optic nerve damage.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

One year follow-up of IOGEL intraocular lenses with ciliary sulcus fixation.

Fifty-one soft hydrogel posterior chamber intraocular lenses (IOLs) were implanted in the ciliary sulcus after planned extracapsular cataract extractions. In nine cases the IOLs were positioned with one haptic in the capsular bag and the other in the ciliary sulcus. During a one-year follow-up, Nd:YAG capsulotomy was performed on five eyes and cystoid macular edema was present in two cases. No other serious complications were encountered. At one year, visual acuity was 20/30 or better in all eyes that did not have preexisting secondary eye problems. To prevent postoperative rotation, decentration, and deformation of the IOL, unnecessary intraocular manipulation and "in-out" positioning of the IOL should be avoided.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Rapid diagnosis of herpetic infections by immunoperoxidase method.

The PAP-(peroxidase-antiperoxidase)-immunohistochemical method was tested for rapid diagnosis on corneal specimens in clinically suspected herpetic disease. The method proved accurate, easy and useful in rapid diagnosis of corneal specimens from epithelial keratitis. Corneal buttons after keratoplasties for herpetic lesions were similarly tested for the presence of herpetic antigen. In a total of five corneal buttons, antigen was found in two corneas with necrotizing keratitis, whereas it was not noted in the three corneas opacified by disciform edema.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1980

[Hereditary macular retinoschisis].

The authors examined and studied a family of Italian origin presenting with hereditary macular retinoschisis. Two first cousins of the third generation were affected by this disease. The mode of transmission of the pathologic gene is compatible with a recessive sex-linked heredity. The correlation between the severity of the cystic macular lesions and their functional consequences is not necessarily absolute. The lesions, which appear to be present very soon after birth, increase in severity with the years without any noticeable changes in macular function, which remains weak but stable.

Adult↗