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Biomedical subjects

R Falck

Publications and source records attributed to R Falck.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Case management to enhance HIV risk reduction among users of injection drugs and crack cocaine.

Case management is being applied to increasingly diverse client populations. This article describes the application of a field-based, service-broker model of case management with a population of injection drug users and crack cocaine users within the context of an AIDS risk-reduction program. The major problem encountered involved client engagement. The feasibility of implementing an effective case management program with active users of injection drugs and crack is questionable so long as involvement with such drugs is cast primarily as a criminal justice problem.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

HIV infection and risk behaviors among intravenous drug users in low seroprevalence areas in the Midwest.

We studied behavioral factors that place intravenous drug users at risk for the acquisition and transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in a sample of 855 individuals not in drug treatment, living in central and southwestern Ohio. The HIV seropositivity rate for the sample was 1.5%. Three factors were significantly related to HIV infection: homeless shelter residence (odds ratio [OR] = 7.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.0-20.0), travel to northeastern HIV hyperendemic areas (OR = 5.2, 95% CI = 1.8-15.4), and recent male homosexual or bisexual behavior (OR = 11.2, 95% CI = 2.9-43.9).

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Conducting HIV outreach and research among incarcerated drug abusers: a case study of ethical concerns and dilemmas.

This case involves the examination of an ethically problematic event that arose while we were conducting an outreach/early intervention research demonstration project targeted at women who exchange sex for drugs. Subjects were drug abusers--primarily crack-cocaine smokers--recruited by outreach workers on "the street" and in jail. Participants were offered counseling, HIV and syphilis screening, and risk-reduction education. A woman who was a jail inmate tested positive for HIV. In order to obtain medical and other assistance, she would have to reveal her serostatus to jail officials. This could result in isolation and the possibility of harm from others in the jail once the information about her circulated. The case highlights the problems inherent in HIV testing of incarcerated drug abusers, especially in low HIV seroprevalence areas. We recommend that a community empanel a committee composed of substance abuse treatment and medical professionals, civil rights advocates, criminal justice personnel, and ethicists to formulate humane and effective policy in light of its drug abuse and HIV problems and its resources.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

High-risk behaviors for transmission of syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus among crack cocaine-using women. A case study from the Midwest.

This study examines the drug use patterns, sexual practices, condom use, knowledge and attitudes toward sexually transmitted diseases (STD)s and AIDS, and seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and syphilis among women who use crack in Dayton, Ohio. In 1990, two indigenous outreach workers recruited 150 participants who were not in drug treatment programs, who were 18 years of age or older, and had used crack in the previous 3 months. Structured interviews revealed that 90% of the sample were black, 78% used crack "daily," 93% had multiple sexual partners, and 49% had 10 or more male sexual partners in the last 3 months. A majority (67%) of the women felt they were in need of drug treatment. No reactive syphilis serologies were detected in 138 serum samples; 2 women (1.4%) were HIV seropositive. This case study provides insight into the high-risk sexual behaviors of crack users in a medium-sized, midwestern city. The study demonstrates the value of indigenous outreach prevention and STD screening initiatives in reaching this segment of our society, which has a high risk of acquiring STDs.

Adolescent↗