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R Farley

Publications and source records attributed to R Farley.

33 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

The shifting social and economic tides of black America, 1950-1980.

"This article examines significant demographic trends that illustrate the advances of many black Americans from 1954 to 1984. We also examine trends which indicate deterioration in the socioeconomic circumstances and life chances of a significant portion of the black population. The two competing trends in the status of black Americans (at one extreme an emerging black elite, at the other a growing black underclass) have been central in provocative debates about economics and race over the past decade. This article locates the debate in historical context, summarizing the work of early theorists on this issue." The authors use U.S. census data "to document changes from 1950-1980 in occupational distribution, labor force participation, educational attainment, income and earnings, fertility and mortality rates, and family organizational patterns for blacks and whites. Using the political economy perspective, we argue that race and economic status are inexorably linked in this society. Shifts in the society's economic base coupled with historical (and contemporary) patterns of racial oppression explain the disproportionate concentration of blacks in the underclass."

Black or African American↗
PubMed1982

Racial inequalities in housing: an examination of recent trends.

Changes in racial differences in homeownership and objective indicators of housing quality are examined using 1960 Census data and 1977 Annual Housing Survey data. Blacks, net of differences in socioeconomic status, family composition, and regional-metropolitan location, remained less likely than whites to own homes and somewhat more likely to live in older, crowded and structurally inadequate units in 1977. In general, however, net effects for race were much smaller in 1977 than in 1960. Racial differences in homeownership and crowding were smaller among recent movers than among the total sample in 1977, suggesting continued but gradual improvement in housing conditions for blacks in the latter 1970s.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Homicide trends in the United States.

Unlike most other causes of death, homicide has been increasing in the United States, especially since the mid-1960s. Its impact is greatest among nonwhite men. The elimination of homicide would add approximately one and one-half years to their life span. This analysis examines trends and differentials using vital statistics data about homicide victims. A decomposition of components of change reveals that almost all of the rise in homicide mortality among nonwhites and a substantial fraction of the rise among whites results from the increasing use of firearms to kill people.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Residential segregation in urbanized areas of the United States in 1970: an analysis of social class and racial differences.

Sociologists and urban commentators often portray metropolitan areas as highly segregated by social class and race. We measured the extent of socioeconomic residential segregation in urbanized areas of the United States in 1970, determined whether cities were as segregated as suburban rings, and compared levels of socioeconomic and racial residential segregation. We found moderate levels of residential segregation and socioeconomic groups. Levels of social class segregation varied little from one urbanized area to another and were about the same in central cities and suburban rings. Racial residentail segregation was much greater than the segregation of social classes within either the black or white communities. The extent of racial residential segregation does not vary by educational attainment, occupation, or income.

Black or African American↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Safe laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a community setting, N = 762.

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) can be introduced into a community with morbidity and mortality rates equal to that of open cholecystectomy. The entire general surgical community of Greensboro, NC, learned the technique of LC on animal models prior to offering this innovation to the community. Over the ensuing 12 months, they served as surgeons or assistant surgeons to each other on 762 LCs with morbidity and mortality rates comparable to open cholecystectomy. This retrospective study examined the first 1 year of experience beginning 8/13/90. This work represents all of the LCs performed in Greensboro, and all of the surgeons participated in this review. All of the surgeries were done with an electrocautery and utilized a 0 degree forward-viewing scope. Cases were performed at two hospitals with a surgeon as both operator and assistant, and no effort was made to exclude high-risk or elderly patients from this procedure. Patients averaged 50 years of age and ranged from 14 to 96 years. Static cholangiograms were performed in 27% of patients. Conversion to open cholecystectomy was seen in 4.8%. There were two cardiac deaths (0.26%) and significant complications were seen in 3.4%. Seven patients required reoperations. There were no major common bile duct injuries. This retrospective review indicates that this new procedure can be introduced into a community setting by novice laparoscopic surgeons acting both as operators and assistant with a morbidity and mortality rate comparable to that reported for open cholecystectomy.

Cholangiography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neomycin inhibits K+-induced force and Ca2+ channel current in rat arterial smooth muscle.

The techniques of small vessel isometric myography and patch clamp were used to investigate the action of neomycin on K+-induced isometric force and voltage-gated Ca2+ channel currents in rat arterial smooth muscle. Neomycin and the dihydropyridine (DHP) Ca2+ channel antagonist (-)202-791 concentration-dependently and reversibly inhibited 40 mM K+-induced isometric force in rings of rat mesenteric and basilar arteries (IC50 values of 70 microM and 1. 2 nM, respectively, n = 10 and 4). Elevation of [Ca2+]o by a factor of 2 significantly reduced the IC50 values for inhibition of K+-induced force for both neomycin and (-)202-791 (192 microM and 3. 7 nM, respectively, n = 6 and 4), but did not affect the Hill coefficient of the concentration/effect relationships. In patch-clamp experiments using freshly isolated basilar arterial myocytes, the voltage-gated inward current carried by Ba2+ was reversibly and concentration-dependently inhibited by neomycin (IC50 32 microM, n = 3). The concentration/effect curve for inhibition of the inward Ba2+ current by neomycin was significantly shifted to the right when [Ba2+]o was raised from 1.8 mM to 10 mM (IC50 144 microM, n = 8). Our findings suggest that neomycin relaxes high-K+-induced force in rat isolated mesenteric and basilar arteries largely by inhibition of voltage-dependent and DHP-sensitive Ca2+ channels.

Animals↗