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Biomedical subjects

R Fennell

Publications and source records attributed to R Fennell.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

AIDS/HIV articles published in selected professional health journals: 1981-1990.

Journals from five professional associations were reviewed to determine the response to AIDS/HIV in their journal: Association for the Advancement of Health Education (AAHE) and Journal of Health Education; American College Health Association (ACHA) and Journal of American College Health; American Public Health Association (APHA) and American Journal of Public Health; American School Health Association (ASHA) and Journal of School Health, and the Society for Public Health Education (SOPHE) and Health Education Quarterly. The project posed the following questions: 1) How many articles on AIDS/HIV were published in the selected journals during the 10-year period from 1981 through 1990?; 2) What types of articles were published during the period, such as editorials, recommendations, guidelines, and research?; and 3) What approaches were shown effective in changing knowledge, attitudes, and behavior? The first article appeared in 1984; 239 articles were published in the five journals reviewed. Each journal devoted at least one entire issue to AIDS/HIV. The articles were categorized as either applied (43.9%) or data-based (56.1%). Since most articles with a research focus did not include pretest and posttest measurements, it proved difficult to determine the most effective methods for changing knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. Evaluation methods that assess the effectiveness of interventions in changing knowledge, attitudes, and behavior are needed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

Peritonitis in children on chronic peritoneal dialysis: analysis at 10 years.

Peritoneal dialysis is the major form of renal replacement therapy for children awaiting renal transplantation. Peritonitis is the major associated morbidity. We retrospectively identified the pathogens, co-morbid factors and outcome of peritonitis in children on peritoneal dialysis from 1980-1989. Seventy-three children, mean age 12.4 years, received 1,234 patient months of chronic peritoneal dialysis. Twenty-four patients (33%) remained peritonitis free until their dialysis catheters were removed after transplantation. Forty-nine children (67%) developed 219 episodes of peritonitis. Peritoneal fluid cultures were positive in 169 episodes (77%). Of the pathogens identified, 73% were gram positive cocci, 22% gram negative rods, 3% were fungus, and 2% other organisms. The incidence of peritonitis was one episode per 5.6 months. Over a 10 year period: 1) 67% of children on peritoneal dialysis developed peritonitis; 2) gram positive cocci accounted for most episodes; 3) the incidence in children was higher than that reported for adults; 4) there were no deaths attributable to peritonitis.

Child↗
PubMed1990

Selective modulation of band 4.1 binding to erythrocyte membranes by protein kinase C.

We have studied the effects of band 4.1 phosphorylation on its association with red cell inside-out vesicles stripped of all peripheral proteins. Band 4.1 bound to these vesicles in a saturable manner, and binding was characterized by a linear Scatchard plot with an apparent Kd of 1-2 x 10(-7) M. Phosphorylation of band 4.1 by purified protein kinase C reduced its ability to bind to membranes, resulting in a reduction in the apparent binding capacity of the membrane by 60-70% but little or no change in the apparent Kd of binding. By contrast, phosphorylation of band 4.1 by cAMP-dependent kinase had no effect on membrane binding. Digestion of the stripped inside-out vesicles with trypsin cleaved 100% of the cytoplasmic domain of band 3 but had little or no effect on glycophorin. Binding of band 4.1 to these digested vesicles was reduced by 70%. Phosphorylation of band 4.1 by protein kinase C had no effect on its binding to the digested vesicles, suggesting that the cytoplasmic domain of band 3 contained the phosphorylation-sensitive binding sites. This was confirmed by direct measurement of band 4.1 binding to the purified cytoplasmic domain of band 3. Phosphorylation of band 4.1 by protein kinase C reduced its binding to the purified 43-kDa domain by as much as 90%, while phosphorylation by cAMP-dependent kinase was without effect. These results show a selective effect of protein kinase C phosphorylation on the binding of band 4.1 to one of its membrane receptors, band 3, and suggest a mechanism whereby one of the key red cell-skeletal membrane associations may be modulated.

Cytoskeletal Proteins↗
PubMed1978

Spectrum of multicystic renal dysplasia: diagnosis and management.

Multicystic renal dysplasia represents a spectrum of pathologic states, from unilateral multicystic kidney through segmental and focal multicystic dysplasia to bilateral multicystic kidney. Diagnosis can be established with low-risk procedures with reasonable accuracy. Treatment may be nonoperative in selected cases, but the physician must be responsible for long-term follow-up of the child until more is known about the natural history of this process.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Five-hour renal functional evaluation.

Children with urogenital disease frequently require evaluation of glomerular and tubular functions. Herein is presented a practical method of performing glomerular and tubular functional studies requiring short time periods and utilizing readily availabe laboratory techniques.

Adult↗