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Biomedical subjects

R Ferraris

Publications and source records attributed to R Ferraris.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Measurement of bile acid half-life using [75Se]HCAT in health and intestinal diseases. Comparison with [75Se]HCAT abdominal retention methods.

The diagnostic values in detecting terminal ileum dysfunction using [75Se]HCAT have been assessed for two different scintigraphic techniques in 58 subjects. The measurement of [75Se]HCAT T1/2 in the enterohepatic circulation by daily gallbladder scintigraphy showed 78% sensitivity, 96% specificity, 96% positive predictive value, and 78% negative predictive value at the optimal cutoff level of 2.0 days; lower--but not significantly different--figures were observed for [75Se]HCAT total abdominal retention four and seven days after isotope administration, at the optimal cutoff levels of 40% and 22%, respectively. [75Se]HCAT T1/2 was then evaluated in 60 patients with various intestinal diseases. Sixty-nine percent (9/13) of patients with diarrhea of obscure origin showed abnormal [75Se]HCAT T1/2. Bile acid malabsorption using [75Se]HCAT can be investigated by the noninvasive measurement of its enterohepatic T1/2 and may play a pathogenetic role in patients with diarrhea of obscure origin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Inhibition of the sodium transport by pentachlorophenol (PCP) in toad skin (Pleurodema thaul).

1. The effects of pentachlorophenol (PCP) were studied in vitro on an active ionic transporting epithelium. Ussing's technique was applied on the isolated Pleurodema thaul skin. 2. Concentrations of PCP in the range 0.003-0.043 mM caused an irreversible dose-dependent inhibition in both the short-circuit current and the potential difference. 3. Parameters of an electrical equivalent circuit were calculated applying the Isaacon's amiloride test. 4. It was also shown that PCP produced a significant increase in the O2 consumption of the skin. 5. The inhibitory action of PCP on active sodium transport in terms of the equivalent electrical circuit and the increased oxygen consumption points to an uncoupling action of PCP on the oxidative phosphorylation.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[A case of leiomyosarcoma of the small intestine. Clinical and anatomopathologic considerations].

Leiomyosarcoma of the small intestine is a malignant mesenchymal tumour composed of smooth muscle cells from the muscular coat or, rarely, from muscularis mucosae, which in the majority of cases is characterised by a clinically silent development and by an unfavorable prognosis. The considerable difficulty of obtaining a histological definition of the degree of malignancy of the leiomyosarcoma is also typical. The paper reports a clinical case and summarises its main clinical and anatomopathological aspects. In particular, the difficulties of clinical and histological diagnosis of the degree of malignancy are underlined, together with the fact that these have a considerable influence on the possibilities and results of surgical therapy and survival rates.

Female↗
PubMed1990

[Treatment of recurrent or residual calculosis of the choledochus. A comparison of the technics].

The results of treating residual or recurrent calculosis of the choledochus for the purpose of obtaining elements for deciding whether or not to carry out a given operation in a particular group of patients are reported. Although they do not offer elements of certainty, the results still make it possible to arrive at an indication for endoscopic papillotomy in elderly patients in poor general condition with one or a few calculi and non-dilated choledochus, for choledochotomy in patients with choledochus of normal diameter and with multiple calculi, or for an intervention of biliodigestive drainage (particularly choledochojejunostomy) in patients with multiple calculosis and with dilated choledochus. In cases in which the apparatus of Oddi is the site of an irreversible inflammatory process and has lost its function, transduodenal papillosphincterotomy is justified.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Human lingual organogenesis: histochemical and ultrastructural aspects].

The structural, ultrastructural and histochemical studies of tongues of human fetuses of 8 to 32 weeks development, were carried out to evaluate the possible chronologic coincidences in the differentiation process of the histologic components during organogenesis. From week 8 to 32, the epithelium increased its cellular layers, becoming flat, stratified, with parakeratinized areas, abundant desmosomes, tonofilaments and scarse intracellular granules. Chorionic fibers increased concomitantly, decreasing mucosubstances. Rudimentary papillae appeared on the dorsal surface of the tongue at 8 weeks, the fungiform ones being evident at 12 weeks. Glycoproteins in the basament layer became evident along with the papillary differentiation, reaching their definitive form at 20 weeks. Myoblasts were observed at 20 weeks. Glandular buds were noticed at the early age studied as were rich in glycogen inclusions and transversal striations were at 20 weeks the structural and ultrastructural differentiated acini, with PAS positive, metachromatic and alcianophilic secretions. The cytochemical changes observed are indicative of the cell differentiation process and tissues participating in the histogenesis present a similar rhythm of differentiation and growth.

Cell Differentiation↗
PubMed1989

[Results of endoscopic treatment of choledochal calculosis and cicatricial stenosis of the papilla].

The results obtained with endoscopic papillo-sphincterotomy in the treatment of gallstones and cicatricial stenosis of the papilla are reported. The treatment proved effective in 91.3% of patients with papillary stenosis and the incidence of side-effects (cholangitis, pancreatitis, bleeding, perforation) was 7.5%. Endoscopic PST hitherto restricted to cases judge inoperable due to serious concomitant pathologies may be a valid alternative to surgery wherever total sphincter dysfunction can be ascertained.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[A case of leiomyoblastoma of the stomach. Clinical and anatomopathologic considerations].

Gastric leiomyoblastoma or Martin's myoid tumour or Stout's smooth muscle cell bizarre tumour is a rare benign mesenchymal neoplasia that may become malignant. A personal clinical case is reported and the most important anatomopathological and clinical aspects are reviewed, stress being laid on the importance of identifying the macroscopic and histological features that can point with certainty to malignity and so influence the choice of surgery. This, depending on the situation, may tumorectomy, gastric resection or gastrectomy with exeresis of any metastases.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Conservative treatment of simple, uncomplicated diverticulitis. Preliminary study for evaluating the effectiveness of a method of topical therapy: rectal perfusion].

Transit times and distribution modalities of an oily mixture used as a vehicle for drugs administered by rectal perfusion in topical therapy in patients with uncomplicated diverticulitis of the colon have been examined. X-ray study makes it possible to state that the technique is mainly indicated in descending colon and sigmoid localisations, segments in which the oily mixture distributes homogeneously and massively in all patients treated.

Administration, Rectal↗
PubMed1989

[Treatment of perforated duodenal ulcer. Our experience].

Personal experience in the treatment of perforated duodenal ulcers is reported. The 78 patients concerned were divided into two groups (operated on before or after the introduction of anti-HZ antihistamines) and were encountered between 1-1-1972 and 30-12-1986. The results were generally satisfactory: mortality (operative and postoperative) 5.1%; postoperative complications 6.4%; recurring ulceration 1-5 years after surgery 6.4%. The most successful operations (lowest death and complication rates, shortest hospital stay) were simple suturing and suturing combined with superselective vagotomy. Analysis of the results show that the success of the operation was significantly influenced by the following factors: patient's age and general condition, associated diseases, time of onset of the ulceration prior to perforation and above all the length of time between the perforation and the operation i.e. the presence or absence of peritonitis. Simple suturing should always be used where possible, particularly now we have the anti-H2 drugs. Superselective vagotomy combined with suturing is the definitive surgical treatment of choice and produced no deaths or complications in the 13 patients given this treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Complications of uterine cervix carcinoma treatments: the problem of a uniform classification.

Ninety-six articles published in English, French and Italian between 1938 and 1986 have been examined in order to analyze the classifications and reporting methods used by different researchers. Specialty and nationality of authors, classifications used, organs, systems and anatomic sites considered, weight given to the most frequently encountered complications are studied. Fifty-nine papers make no use of classification of complications of any kind, neither by onset time, nor by severity, but simply describe the observed events. The remaining 37 papers use a classification based on varying criteria. Thirty-four authors use a classification by severity according to different criteria; four authors classify complications according to the treatment required. In the remaining 30 papers a true scale is used. A total of 22 classifications emerges from these papers; in eight cases a previously published classification is used. The weight assigned by different authors to specific complications has been compared. The following main points emerge from the analysis: about two authors out of three simply describe the observed complications; 30 rely on a true scale of severity, but 22 different grading systems are used. Most classifications do not cover all possible complications, both surgical and radiotherapeutic, but concentrate on those complications which are typically generated by author's therapeutic approach. Only three take into account complications related to different treatment modalities. The observation period is not standardized: published data derive from follow-up times spanning from some months to many years. Authors mainly focus their interest on gastrointestinal and/or urinary complications; other organs and systems are rarely considered.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1989

[Treatment of short bowel syndrome].

On the basis of personal experience and the latest reports in the literature on the treatment of short bowel syndrome, the clinical and therapeutic aspects of the malabsorption syndrome arising after removal of long segments of the small intestine are analysed with emphasis on the salient features and particularly the critical phase constituted by the transfer from parenteral to enteral and oral nutrition whose importance for the maintenance of life is objectively confirmed by the adaptive response of the remaining small bowel (compensatory hypertrophy).

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1988

Inter-observer variability in the interpretation of mammograms.

Inter-observer agreement was tested in the interpretation by 8 radiologists of mammograms from 45 women (for a total of 180 films per radiologist). The radiologists were representative of the whole range of those involved in mammography in the town of Torino, with a number of films read per year ranging from 100 to 4000. Out of the 45, 9 women were affected by breast cancer (histologically proved), 25 had benign disease (diagnosed with fine-needle aspiration) and 11 had normal breasts. Weighted kappa values were in the range 0.27-0.82 (median 0.60) for parenchymal patterns; 0.33-0.67 (0.48) for diagnosis in five categories; and 0.22-0.57 (0.38) for indications for further diagnostic tests. These values are comparable with those reported from other investigations.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1988

Kinetics for the synthetic bile acid 75selenohomocholic acid-taurine in humans: comparison with [14C]taurocholate.

The "apparent" fractional turnover rate of the gamma-labeled bile acid analogue 75selenohomocholic acid-taurine (75SeHCAT) was assessed from decline in radioactivity over the gallbladder area on 4 successive days using a gamma-camera, and was compared in the same subjects with the fractional turnover rate of the corresponding natural bile acid, cholic acid-taurine, labeled with 14C ([14C]CAT) using the classical Lindstedt technique. Very similar results were obtained in 5 healthy individuals (coefficient of variation 4.8%, medians 0.35 and 0.34, respectively). By contrast, the fractional deconjugation rate assessed from zonal scanning of glycine- and taurine-conjugated bile acids on thin-layer chromatography was much less for 75SeHCAT than for [14C]CAT (0.02 and 0.13, respectively; p less than 0.05). The fractional rate for deconjugation plus dehydroxylation was also determined by zonal scanning, and gave lower values for 75SeHCAT than for [14C]CAT (0.02 and 0.12, respectively; p less than 0.05). There was a striking similarity between the fractional rate for deconjugation alone and that for deconjugation plus dehydroxylation for both bile acids in individual samples (r = 0.999, p less than 0.001), suggesting that these two processes might occur simultaneously and probably involve the same bacteria. We conclude that our scintiscanning technique provides an accurate, noninvasive method of measuring fractional turnover rate of a bile acid in humans, and that the finding that 75SeHCAT remains conjugated with taurine during enterohepatic recycling means that absorption should be specific for the ileal active transport site, thus rendering it an ideal substance for assessing ileal function.

Abdomen↗