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Biomedical subjects

R Finch

Publications and source records attributed to R Finch.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Cell envelope proteins of Staphylococcus epidermidis grown in vivo in a peritoneal chamber implant.

Staphylococcus epidermidis was grown in vivo in chambers implanted intraperitoneally in rats. The cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane protein profiles of the in vivo-grown organisms were compared with those of S. epidermidis grown in vitro in nutrient broth (NB), in iron-restricted NB, or in pooled human peritoneal dialysate (HPD). Compared with growth in broth and in common with growth in HPD, growth in vivo in chambers resulted in the repression of many S. epidermidis wall proteins, with proteins of 27, 42, 54, and 70 kDa predominating. Growth in vivo also resulted in the induction of two iron-repressible cytoplasmic membrane proteins of 32 and 36 kDa, which were also present in staphylococci grown in HPD and in iron-restricted NB. Immunoblotting experiments revealed that in sera taken 21 days after inoculation of the intraperitoneal chambers, the predominant antibody response to cell envelope proteins was directed against the 32- and 36-kDa iron-repressible membrane proteins.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Amoebic psoas and liver abscesses.

A 28 year old woman with a history of a dysenteric illness and documented Campylobacter infection presented with amoebic psoas and liver abscesses. A review of the literature of the last 20 years did not yield any reports of an amoebic psoas abscess.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Chemoprophylaxis of infective endocarditis.

Infective endocarditis is a serious disease with a continuing mortality of approximately 20%. Risk factors include a variety of congenital and acquired heart diseases. Infection follows an episode of bacteraemia which is most commonly due to oral bacteria, notably streptococci. Less commonly bacteraemia may arise from surgical procedures or diseases of the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts or from sepsis at other body sites, including intravenous drug abuse. Several societies and associations have published recommendations for the prevention of bacteraemia in those at risk from endocarditis through the use of perioperative antibiotic chemoprophylaxis. The recommendations are targetted at patients with defined cardiovascular lesions undergoing dental and other procedures known to predictably produce bacteraemia. The major recommendations for standard risk patients undergoing dental procedures without general anaesthesia is high-dose oral penicillin or amoxycillin. Alternative agents include erythromycin and clindamycin. For those requiring general anaesthesia, parenteral regimens are generally recommended although the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy permits an oral amoxycillin regimen 4 hours preoperatively. For specified gastrointestinal and genitourinary procedures a 2-drug regimen of ampicillin/amoxycillin (or vancomycin for penicillin-allergic patients) plus an aminoglycoside is generally recommended. The emphasis has been to simplify the earlier regimens without compromising the antimicrobial protection with a view to encouraging maximum compliance. The latter continues to be a problem where drug recommendations are either complex or include multiple drug or dosage recommendations. The emphasis on maintaining good dental health is endorsed by all authorities.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Low incidence of pseudomembranous colitis associated with antibiotics at a general hospital in Lima].

Clostridium difficile is associated to episodes of diarrhea related to the use of antibiotics in general hospitals. The aim of this study has been to determine the incidence of this complication among the patients admitted in a 400 bed general hospital in Lima, Perú; we registered every day, in all the wards of the hospital, the presence of diarrhea in patients under antibiotic treatment. In every patient with diarrhea we investigated the presence of cytotoxin and cultivated for C. difficile in the feces. Only 25 patients presented diarrhea and none of them showed inflammatory changes in the endoscopic exploration. Only one patient presented positive cytotoxin with negative culture. In the control group of 41 new-born, asymptomatic infants, already on breast-feeding there were 27 (65.8%) culture and/or cytotoxin positive. We conclude that in our adult population colitis due to C. difficile, associated to antibiotic therapy is an infrequent disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

In-vitro assessment of lomefloxacin (SC-47111)--a new quinolone derivative.

The activity of lomefloxacin (SC-47111) was studied in vitro against 500 clinical isolates. Comparison was made with enoxacin and ciprofloxacin. Lomefloxacin was comparable in activity to enoxacin, but less active than ciprofloxacin. Most Gram-negative bacilli were susceptible, including several multi-resistant strains. Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed variable susceptibility. Streptococci, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, were generally the least susceptible organisms.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1987

Treatment of respiratory tract infections with cephalosporin antibiotics.

Infections of the respiratory tract are among the most common causes for antibiotic prescribing. Their diagnosis within the community is generally limited to clinical criteria, and microbiological information is frequently lacking. Hospitalised patients with respiratory tract infections are more likely to undergo diagnostic sampling, but difficulties remain in reliably defining a microbial aetiology, thereby providing a confident basis for antibiotic selection. In considering the role of the cephalosporins in the treatment of respiratory tract infections, over 500 published articles have been reviewed. The pharmacokinetic considerations are discussed and the limitations of existing methodology are emphasised. Individual agents are reviewed by site of sepsis and conclusions are drawn from both comparative and non-comparative studies and in relation to currently recommended regimens. Although oral cephalosporins are widely used to treat upper respiratory tract infections, none is considered ideal, especially where Haemophilus influenzae is pathogenic. In the case of lower respiratory tract infections the beta-lactamase stable parenteral cephalosporins have become widely used to treat pneumonia in hospitalised patients, especially where Gram-negative enteric bacilli are of aetiological importance. However, the lack of activity of these drugs against Legionella spp., Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Coxiella burnetii must be emphasised. Another area of increasing use is in the treatment of infective exacerbations in patients suffering from cystic fibrosis of the lungs where Pseudomonas aeruginosa is pathogenic; ceftazidime in particular has proved a useful alternative to earlier antipseudomonal penicillin antibiotics.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Bacterial meningitis. Rational selection and use of antibacterial drugs.

Bacterial meningitis is a continuing challenge. This applies especially to infections in the neonate and the elderly, and to those which are hospital acquired. Factors which maintain the high morbidity and significant mortality from this disease include microbial virulence, a limited host response to infection within the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), where phagocyte function is often impaired and complement and opsonic antibody activity are deficient, as well as delays in diagnosis and treatment. Added to these adverse factors is the pharmacokinetic hurdle of the 'blood-brain barrier', which limits drug concentrations achievable within the CSF. Inflammatory changes certainly improve the penetration of many agents, especially the penicillins and cephalosporins, but it must be remembered that with resolution of inflammation, achievable concentrations decline. Hence, the necessity for continuing parenteral administration of antibiotics throughout the treatment period. Although penicillin G (benzylpenicillin) remains the drug of choice for both pneumococcal and meningococcal infections, increasing resistance to ampicillin among Haemophilus influenzae has lead to greater reliance on alternative agents. Chloramphenicol is widely used, yet is potentially toxic, so that therapy with cefuroxime and the newer cephalosporins has been increasingly advocated. The advent of these potent, broad spectrum cephalosporins has induced a reappraisal of the treatment of Gram-negative bacillary meningitis, where ampicillin resistance and poor CSF penetration by the aminoglycosides have contributed to an unsatisfactory impact on outcome. Agents such as cefotaxime and ceftazidime have proved effective, although greater controlled experience is required. Finally, the contagious nature of meningococcal and H. influenzae infections justifies offering chemoprophylaxis to selected contacts, with rifampicin (or minocycline for contacts of patients with meningococcal infections).

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1986

In vitro assessment of CI-934--a new quinolone derivative.

CI-934 is a new broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone. We have studied its in vitro activity against 203 bacteria and compared it with ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, ampicillin, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, gentamicin, vancomycin and erythromycin. Against Gram-negative pathogens CI-934 showed broad-spectrum activity comparable to enoxacin. Of more interest is its superior activity against Gram-positive bacteria, especially Streptococcus pneumoniae and enterococci. This was further studied by observing its activity in comparison with ampicillin in in vitro kinetic studies. CI-934 was either equally or more rapidly bactericidal than ampicillin at concentrations of 1, 4, and 16 X MIC. On the basis of these findings further in vivo studies appear justified.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1985

A microbiological study of diabetic foot lesions.

The bacterial nature of infected foot lesions presenting to a diabetic unit during the course of twelve months was studied. Fifty-six swabs were obtained from 25 patients. Swabs were processed within ten minutes of being collected. An average of 3.3 organisms per swab were isolated, Staphylococcus aureus was the most common bacterial species isolated, while anaerobic bacteria comprised 10% of the isolates. Sensitivity testing of the isolates against commonly used antibiotics showed that the antimicrobial regimen that we have previously used empirically on such patients may not always be optimal.

Adult↗