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Biomedical subjects

R Finley

Publications and source records attributed to R Finley.

32 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Pulmonary microvascular fluid flux in a large animal model of sepsis: evidence for increased pulmonary endothelial permeability accompanying surgically induced peritonitis in sheep.

To characterize some of the remote effects of systemic sepsis on the lung, we evaluated changes in pulmonary microvascular fluid flux before and during sepsis secondary to a peritoneal focus of inflammation in sheep. We induced peritonitis by cecal ligation, perforation, and devascularization. During a subsequent 72-hour study period, both the mean blood pressure and the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure were unchanged, while the cardiac index increased slightly. The PaO2 fell by 48 hours (98 +/- 8 to 84 +/- 10 mm Hg; p less than 0.05) (mean +/- SD) and subsequently remained low throughout the experiment. Simultaneously, pulmonary lymph flow increased by 24 hours (11.5 +/- 4.9 to 26.7 +/- 13 ml/hr; p less than 0.05) and remained elevated throughout the experiment while [L/P] total protein ratios remained unchanged at 24 hours (baseline: 0.59 +/- 0.15 at 24 hours: 0.65 +/- 0.16). Morphologic examination of the lung showed that this model of peritonitis was characterized by neutrophil emigration into the pulmonary interstitium by 24 hours and interstitial edema by 48 hours. Therefore this model of bacterial peritonitis in sheep demonstrates that one of the remote effects of surgically induced systemic sepsis is an increase in permeability of the pulmonary microvascular membrane.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Peripheral lymph flow in sheep with bacterial peritonitis: evidence for increased peripheral microvascular permeability accompanying systemic sepsis.

We studied the effects of systemic sepsis on peripheral microcirculatory fluid exchange by examining changes in flow (Qlymph) and lymph-to-plasma [L/P] total protein and albumin ratios from lymph draining, the efferent duct of a prefemoral lymph node in sheep, before and during surgically-induced peritonitis. After baseline study, peritonitis was produced by cecal ligation, perforation, and devascularization. By 24 hours blood cultures revealed a polymicrobial bacteremia. The hemodynamic response to the septic insult during the 72-hour study period was characterized by an increase in heart rate and an initial fall in stroke volume index; yet, the mean blood pressure remained unchanged from baseline levels throughout the study protocol. The intrapulmonary shunt fraction increased (p less than 0.05) by 48 hours, as did both the Qlymph (2.6 +/- 1.9 ml/hr to 6.8 +/- 4.6 ml/hr; p less than 0.05) and the calculated lymph albumin clearance (1.6 +/- 1.2 ml/hr to 3.1 +/- 1.7 ml/hr; p less than 0.05). Although the calculated serum to interstitial colloid osmotic pressure gradient fell (F = 4.37; p less than 0.04), both the [L/P] total protein and albumin ratios were unchanged from baseline throughout 72 hours of study. Further, [L/P] total protein ratios were unrelated to Qlymph (r = -0.20); as Qlymph (experimental/baseline) increased with sepsis, [L/P] total protein ratio (experimental/baseline) did not fall (r = +0.62). We therefore conclude that systemic sepsis, as represented by this model of bacterial peritonitis, results in increased peripheral microcirculatory fluid flux that is primarily a consequence of an increase in permeability of the peripheral microvascular exchanging membrane.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Ethiodized oil emulsion 13 in computed tomography of hepatoma.

Six patients with biopsy-proven hepatoma were prospectively evaluated both by conventional computed tomography (CT) and by scans using ethiodized oil emulsion 13 (EOE 13) as a contrast agent. EOE 13 infusion resulted in marked improvement in the demonstration of the neoplasm in all cases and allowed more accurate definition of tumor extent than was possible with standard scanning techniques. In two cases EOE 13 enhancement was essential for complete radiographic depiction of tumor location, size, and extent. EOE 13 also proved to be of considerable value in assessment of therapeutic response in three patients, permitting more objective determination of tumor growth or regression. EOE 13--enhanced CT scanning provides a valuable means of staging patients presenting with hepatoma and is a reliable, accurate means of radiographic follow-up.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Prevention of cerebral malaria by adoptive transfer of malaria-specific cultured T cells into mice infected with Plasmodium berghei.

Murine T cell populations specific for Plasmodium berghei parasites were generated in vitro from BALB/c immune lymph node cells. The malaria-specific T lymphocytes were shown: a) to proliferate specifically in vitro in response to stimulation with P. berghei-infected red blood cells; b) to exhibit the Thy-1+, Lyt-1+2- cell surface phenotype; c) to provide specific helper activity for an in vitro anti-hapten (TNP) plaque-forming cell antibody response; and d) to protect P. berghei-infected mice from early mortality due to cerebral malaria.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Antibiotic usage.

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Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1976

In vitro susceptibility of pathogenic Naegleria and Acanthamoeba speicies to a variety of therapeutic agents.

Six pathogenic strains of Naegleria fowleri, two of Acanthamoeba castellanii, and three of Acanthamoeba polyphaga were tested in vitro for susceptibility to a variety of potentially useful therapeutic agents. Minimal motility inhibitory concentrations and minimal inhibitory concentrations were determined by a technique of subculturing pure clones of amoebae in plastic tissue culture chamber slides containing liquid axenic media and serially diluted drug, incubating at 30 degrees C for Acanthamoeba and at 37 degrees C for Naegleria, and observing on an inverted microscope at 6 h for inhibition of motility and at 24 and 48 h for inhibition of growth. Drug concentrations were selected on the basis of fluid levels achievable in humans. Amphotericin B, clotrimazole, and miconazole were the most effective drugs against Naegleria, whereas polymyxin B sulfate and pentamidine isethionate were somewhat effective against pathogenic Acanthamoeba. Our results suggest that amphotericin B is the most effective agent against Naegleria, but few agents are effective against Acanthamoeba.

Antiprotozoal Agents↗
PubMed1976

Prophylactic antibiotic therapy and heart valve replacement.

Patients undergoing cardiac bypass for heart valve replacement maintained adequate blood concentrations of cloxacillin throughout the duration of bypass, provided their initial blood concentration was in the therapeutic range. Blood levels related to the time between the last preoperative dose of antibiotic and operation. Maximal values were achieved if an intraoperative bolus of drug was given.

Adolescent↗