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Biomedical subjects

R Foster

Publications and source records attributed to R Foster.

50 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Patterns of ventilation in postoperative and acutely ill patients.

Acutely ill patients commonly increase minute ventilation (V) to varying degrees. The pattern of breathing utilized to increase V was analyzed in normal subjects and acutely ill surgical patients. V = tidal volume (VT) x frequency (f), or V = inspiratory flow x (TI/TTOT, inspiratory time/total cycle time). CO2 inhalation and exercise were used to induce supine hyperventilation in normal subjects. This was compared to hyperventilation in acutely ill surgical patients. Measurements were made of O2 consumption, CO2 production, V, VT, f, inspiratory flow, TI, and TTOT. With small increases in V (up to twice control), normal subjects increased inspiratory flow and TI/TTOT with both CO2 and exercise. CO2 inhalation increased VT with no change in f, while exercise increased both VT and f. When V increased beyond twice control, TI/TTOT remained constant and increases in inspiratory flow accounted for the entire increase in V. In acutely ill patients with increased V, average f was elevated and VT decreased, but there was no constant relationship of f and VT with increasing V. However, TI/TTOT was relatively constant at 0.40- 0.46; therefore, in order to increase V, inspiratory flow had to increase! Patients also showed a tendency to breathe at a relatively fixed VT while normal subjects did not show this phenomenon, even with increases of up to 3 times control V. Continuous, rapid analysis of gas exchange and breathing patterns holds promise for early detection of patients with V inappropriate to metabolic demands, and serves as a sensitive indicator of abnormal patterns used by acutely ill patients to increase V.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

Rates and correlates of expenditure increases for personal health services: pre- and post-medicare and medicaid.

This investigation of the increases in expenditures for medical care of the noninstitutionalized population of the United States in two recent periods suggests the following: Price increases contributed substantially more to overall expenditure increases in both periods than did use increases. Hospital price increases contributed most to overall price increases in both periods. Drug use in the first period and hospital use in the second period contributed most to overall use increases. The so-called "free services" made a substantial contribution to increases in use between 1963 and 1970, while apparently making no contribution in the earlier period. In the pre-Medicare/Medicaid period, use increase were greatest among the working-age and male population. However, increases in use also seemed to be relatively high among the low-income group. In the most recent period, use increases shifted not only to the elderly and the very young, but also to the group 55-64. The relatively high rate of use increase for males and the low-income group continued. These findings, then, suggest that institution of the Medicare and Medicaid programs was accompanied by acceleration of some trends that were already taking place, i.e., relatively high rates of increase in the use of health services for the low-income population and the aged. Some groups not considered to be target populations for the programs, such as those 35-54, showed a reduction in their use rates; others those 55-64, increased their use. Finally, the non-white population showed no greater rate of increase in use of health services than the white population, even though the former would presumably be considered a target group.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Profile of blood elements in leprosy patients.

Blood levels of 40 elements in 14 leprosy patients and 5 control subjects living near Mukinge Hospital in the North Western Province of Zambia were determined by spectrophotometry. In patients, compared to controls, serum levels of titanium, silicon, potassium and platinum were significantly higher; red cell levels of phosphorus were lower but those of antimony, bismuth, nickel, titanium, yttrium, silicon and platinum were higher; and whole blood levels of phosphorus, selenium, antimony and silver were lower. There were also significant differences in levels of certain elements when histologically active and inactive patients were compared and between the polar forms of leprosy. The data are consistent with a hypothesis of metabolic and nutritional involvement in the etiology of leprosy.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The possible therapeutic effect of deferoxamine in experimental infections of mice by Plasmodium berghei].

Deferoxamine is a compound with iron chelating properties. Body depletion of this mineral, according to some authors, might influence the metabolism of plasmodia that thrive in the erythrocytes. In order to verify this possibility, we administered daily doses of 300 or 1.000 mg/kg of the compound, for five days and again 15 days, to mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. The parameters used to check the activity of deferoxamine were mortality of the animals and the count of blood parasites. The results showed a progressive increase of mortality and of the parasitemia in all animals, without differences in relation to the controls. So, at least on hand of the present study, the mentioned substance cannot be considered useful for the treatment of malaria.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of the usefulness of the Coprotest for parasitologic examination of feces].

"Coprotest" is a device used for parasitological examination of the stools that has been marketed in Brazil with no previous literature support. Therefore, we decided to evaluate the usefulness of the procedure using "Coprotest", comparing it with the routine methods by Hoffman et al., Faust et al., and Rugai et al. Taking into consideration only positive samples, we observed the following figures, according to each technique: Hofmann et al.--98 (47.34%); Faust et al.--119 (57.48%); Rugai et al., only for larva detection--21 (10.14%); "Coprotest"--115 (55.55%). We concluded that "Coprotest" in addition to its operational qualities, has the merits that allow its use together with other techniques for parasitosis diagnosis. Nevertheless it has not modified the previous situation, since more than one technique must still be used, as we have noted for detection of Strongyloides stercoralis larvae in this instance.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗