[Neonatal adrenal hemorrhage in the sonogram].
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Adrenal Gland Diseases↗
Biomedical subjects
R Fotter
Publications and source records attributed to R Fotter.
[Water syphon test and gastro-oesophageal reflux during childhood (correlation with the clinical findings and oesophageal manometry) ].
The water syphon test is a simple and easily performed method for demonstrating gastro-oesophageal reflux with a high degree of reliability. It is carried out following a conventional barium swallow. Compared with clinical findings and oesophageal manometry, the water syphon test is very reliable for demonstrating gastro-oesophageal reflux during childhood. Prolonged irradiation in order to see spontaneous reflux becomes unnecessary. This results in a significant reduction in radiation dose. Barium swallow and the water syphon test are the most useful initial examinations in children with symptoms which suggest reflux.
Adolescent↗
[Intracranial germinoma; typical CT appearances and radiation therapy (author's transl)].
The typical CT appearances of intracranial germinomas are described in three cases. These consist of an isodense or hyperdense tumour in the mid-line, originating from the pineal body or infundibulum, with marked increase in density on contrast enhancement. Periventricular tumour expansion in relation to the entire supratentorial ventricular system is characteristic. The rapid tumour regression after small doses of radiation is stressed and complete regression of the tumour, as seen on CT, is a sign of its radio-curability.
Adolescent↗
[Megaoesophagus -- differential diagnosis and therapy (author's transl)].
Functional hindrances in passage of the oesophageal tract are particularly recognised in achalasia, which occurs in less than 5% of children. The megaoesophagus accompanying massive gastro-oesophageal reflux can also be a consequence of functional disturbances. In addition, peptic stenosis of the oesophagus usually causes dilatation of this organ. Other organic stenoses are just as rare, whether they are congenital membranous or fibromuscular stenoses, or occur as secondary narrowing of the oesophagus, following accidental acid-burns. Treatment of choice in achalasia is cardiomyotomy with insertion of a fundus patch. Gastro-oesophageal reflux is usually treated conservatively at first. Operation and fundoplication is indicated only when this treatment is unsuccessful, or primarily in peptic stenosis. In congenital membranous stenosis or acid-burn stenosis, forceful treatment with bougies usually attains the desired ends. On the other hand, congenital fibromuscular narrowing generally requires operative resection.
Adolescent↗
[Computer tomographic diagnosis of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer].
The article reports on 78 CT scans of surgically verified diseases of the pancreas, namely, 30 cases of chronic pancreatitis, 12 cases of haemorrhagic-necrotizing pancreatitis, and 36 cases of carcinoma of the pancreas. 12 of these cases were operable, whereas 234 were inoperable. The operable carcinomas were so small that proper diagnosis was effected in 50% only, whereas the inoperable carcinomas eluded CT identification in 17% of the cases only. The most important signs of an operable carcinoma of the pancreas are a well-defined enlargement and inhomogeneity of the parenchyma with reduced contrast, especially on bolus injection, as well as dilatation of the bile duct system. The most essential criteria for inoperability are absence of boundaries, especially towards the dorsal side, with infiltration of the retroperitoneal fatty tissue, and lack of delineation of the large vessels. According to the present state of the art, CT does not supply definite criteria for differentiating between an operable carcinoma of the pancreas and chronic fibrotic pancreatitis. Overstepping of the marginal contours is a reliably distinctive feature between carcinoma and pancreatitis, but it also points to the inoperable nature of the disease. Haemorrhagic-necrotizing pancreatitis is characterized by definite CT criteria, so that diagnosis is easy.
Adult↗
[Computer tomography in the Sturge-Weber syndrome].
The CT criteria of the Sturge-Weber syndrome are described on the basis of 5 cases observed by the authors. Computerized tomography makes it possible to identify earlier - and in some cases more clearly - than by conventional roentgenography, the classical signs of the disease (calcification of the cerebral cortex, unilateral shrinking of the skullcap, distension of the frontal and sphenoidal sinus, thickening of the skullcap as a whole). Anomalies of vascularization, which had so far been demonstrable only by invasive methods, can also be demonstrated direct by means of computerized tomography.
Adolescent↗
[Coxitis fugax (author's transl)].
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Adolescent↗
[Importance of bone scanning and osteoscintimetry for assessing development of acute haematogenic childhood osteomyelitis (author's transl)].
Bone scanning with 99m-Tc-MDP is generally used for the early diagnosis of acute haematogenic childhood osteomyelitis. The combination of this method with radionuclide osteoscintimetry and the evaluation of the relative uptake ratio supply objective criteria for assessing the development of the disease. They permit statements as to the morphological and functional aspects of the disease and thus facilitate clinical assessment.
Acute Disease↗
[Visceral arteriography of hepatic, pancreatic and intraperitoneal tumours during childhood (author's transl)].
The value of visceral arteriography is discussed in relation to four hepatoblastomas, two vascular hamartomas of the liver, one inactive islet cell tumour of the pancreas and two malignant intraperitoneal tumours. Although non-invasive methods, such as computer tomography, sonography and scintigraphy are valuable, angiography is an important part of the pre-operative diagnosis of visceral tumours during childhood.
Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
[Importance of computer tomography in paediatric diagnostics of abdominal and pelvic tumours (author's transly].
In a joint study conducted by the University Clinic of Radiology, Graz, and the Medical University Clinic, Innsbruck, the results of computer tomography examinations of the abdomen and pelvis in 23 cases of tumours in children are discussed. In children, computer tomography resents special difficulties on account of the very poorly developed fatty layers between the organs and the increased incidence of movement artifacts. The importance of computer tomography for the diagnosis of abdominal and pelvic tumours is discussed.
Abdominal Neoplasms↗
[Contrast amplification of the liver parenchyma in the computer tomogram by using intravenous and peroral biliary contrast media (author's transl)].
If intravenous, biliary contrast media are used, a slight albeit specific enhancement of contrast of the liver parenchyma occurs with the applied dosage, which can be utilised in individual cases, for example for identifying isodense lesions. Contrast amplification by the peroral cholegraphic agent under examination, is insufficient for use in computer tomography of the liver. The use of biliary contrast media usually enables very good visualisation of the extrahepatic bile ducts. Attention is drawn to the possibility of pharmakokinetic studies by means of computer tomography.
Administration, Oral↗
[Diagnostic value of osteoscintigraphy and osteoscintimetry for assessment of post-traumatic osteomyelitis and of its complications (author's transl)].
The importance of osteoscintigraphy and osteoscintimetry for diagnosis and case control in post-traumatic osteomyelitis and its complications is discussed by means of 182 bone scintigraphs. Scintigraphy as a functional examination enables clear statements on the probable future course of development of an infection of the bone, of a sequestrum, on the vitality of bone fragments, and on the probable course of infected psuedarthroses and spongiosa transplants.
Bone Plates↗
[CT of the pelvis and abdomen during childhood (author's transl)].
The use of CT in the abdomen and pelvis in 25 children is described. Certain problems which reduce the value of the technique are discussed; these include the lack of intra- and retro-peritoneal fat, movement artefacts, the importance of exact indications and the problems of radiation dosage.
Adolescent↗
[The value of scintigraphy and osteoscintimetry for the early detection of legg-calvé-perthes disease (author's transl)].
Scintigraphy and the stimultaneously effected osteoscintimetry of the pelvis and of both hip joints offers the possibility of a safe early diagnosis of Perthes' disease directly after manifestation of the clinical symptoms, two months before the roentgenologically identifiable, discrete changes of stage I have occurred, or four months before the clear roentgenological visualisation of the disease (stage II). Moreover, scintigraphy enables detection of the time at which restitution or revascularisation of the necrotic bone of the epiphysis of the head of the femur sets in, and to draw further conclusions from the scintigraphic and scintimetric pattern of results, on the prognosis and further course (with time) of Perthes' disease.
Child↗
[Bone scan of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis in childhood (author's transl)].
A variety of 99m-Tc-phosphate compounds are sensitive and reliable for scintigraphic diagnosis of bone diseases. Therefore bone scan has become a safe method for evaluating patients with suspected acute hematogenous osteomyelitis. So we were able to perform early and adequate treatment without evidence of bony changes in the radiograph. Quantitative regional measurements with a relative uptake ratio was found to be a clinically useful parameter in the follow-up of osteomyelitis.
Acute Disease↗
[Cinefluorographic studies in children with previous esophageal atresia repair (author's transl)].
Seven children with previous esophageal Atresia repair underwent cinefluorographic studies of the swalling act. They all showed disordered motor function in the esophageal segment below the Anastomosis with segmental contractions and lack of primary Peristalsis. Nevertheless we found organized propulsive waves below the Anastomosis too, which leaded to an esophageal emptying also in the supine position.
Child, Preschool↗
Neurogenic bladder in infants and children--a new challenge for the radiologist.
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Child↗
Power Doppler imaging and evaluation of the resistive index in focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver.
Focal lesions of the liver represent a significant diagnostic problem for various imaging modalities. The aim of this study was to assess the value of power Doppler sonography versus conventional color Doppler imaging in the depiction of hypervascular focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) of the liver and to investigate the resistive index (RI) in the lesions' feeding arteries. Eighteen histologically proved FNHs in 14 patients were evaluated by gray-scale ultrasound, conventional color Doppler, and power Doppler sonography. With conventional color Doppler, a feeding arterial vessel could be depicted in only 4/18 lesions and hypervascularization was detected in 6/18 lesions. Power Doppler was more sensitive in detecting feeding arteries (16/18) within hypervascular lesions (15/18). RI values in the feeding arteries (mean = 0.51) significantly differed from those in the main hepatic artery or its intraparenchymal branches (mean = 0.68) in the same patient. The mean RI-difference was 0.19, suggesting hemodynamically significant arteriovenous shunting. Power Doppler sonography significantly increases sensitivity in the diagnosis of focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver and reliably permits the distinction of these lesions from hepatocellular carcinomas.
Adult↗