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Biomedical subjects

R Fries

Publications and source records attributed to R Fries.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

RASA contains a polymorphic microsatellite and maps to bovine syntenic group U22 on chromosome 7q2.4-qter.

The bovine gene for the p21ras protein activator (RASA) includes in its 5' untranslated region a (TG)n repeat. Analysis of this (TG)n repeat by PCR amplification of genomic DNA revealed a four-allele polymorphism. A cDNA probe was used to assign RASA to the region 2.4-qter of bovine Chromosome (Chr) 7 by in situ hybridization. PCR analysis of a panel of somatic hybrid lines allowed the assignment of RASA to the unassigned syntenic group 22 (U22) and thus localizes U22 on Chr 7.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Mapping of bovine markers CYP21, PRL, and BOLA DRBP1 by genetic linkage analysis in reference pedigrees.

We have analyzed DNA from 13 bovine reference pedigrees using primers specific for microsatellite markers derived from the 21-steroid hydroxylase (CYP21) and prolactin (PRL) genes and the leukocyte antigen (BOLA DRBP1) pseudogene. Linkage was demonstrated between PRL and BOLA DRBP1 (theta = 0.05; Z = 19.6), cyp21 and PRL (theta = 0.13; Z = 6.8), and BOLA DRBP1 and CYP21 (theta = 0.17; Z = 10.4). These results suggest an order BOLA DRBP1-PRL-CYP21, although in a multilocus analysis the alternative order PRL-BOLA DRBP1-CYP21 was also possible. The data confirm and extend the previously established syntenic relationship between these markers on bovine chromosome 23 and provide points of anchorage for further linkage studies in the reference pedigrees described.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Computer-aided individual prognoses of squamous cell carcinomas of the lips, oral cavity and oropharynx.

Computer-aided individual prognoses (CIP) is a software-package developed on the basis of an empirical study and can be installed on any IBM-compatible personal computer. The project which went into the making of CIP was called "Prospective DOSAK-study on squamous cell carcinomas of the lips, oral cavity and oropharynx". In the course of the study 1485 patients were treated between 1977 and 1982, and followed up through 1985. CIP facilitates individual prognoses and comparisons of independent patient groups with parallel groups from the data of the above-mentioned study. In practical clinical work individual prognoses allow exact and reliable judgements on individual patients. In clinical cancer research it provides the information about prognostic factors required for controlled clinical studies. The comparison of independent patient populations allows for an ongoing qualitative control of the patients in each clinical institution. In clinical cancer research such a comparison means that certain characteristics of the patient, the tumor and of the disease can be given higher prognostic value. The same is true of the clinical testing of therapeutic measures which is typically carried out during phase-II-studies. Due to its menu-based organization CIP does not presuppose any specialist knowledge on the part of its users and can be regarded as particularly user-friendly.

Austria↗
PubMed1992

Assignment of the HOX2 and HOX3 gene clusters to the bovine chromosome regions 19q17-qter and 5q14-23.

The homeobox 2 (HOX2) and homeobox 3 (HOX3) clusters have been chromosomally assigned in cattle by in situ hybridization. The probes employed were a murine probe for the mapping of HOX2 to 19q17-qter and human probes for the mapping of HOX3 to 5q14-q23. These assignments confirm the chromosomal assignment of two syntenic groups, consisting of loci located on human chromosome 12 (bovine chromosome 5) and the long arm of human chromosome 17 (bovine chromosome 19).

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Assignment of the porcine tumour necrosis factor alpha and beta genes to the chromosome region 7p11-q11 by in situ hybridization.

The loci of the porcine tumour necrosis factor genes, alpha (TNFA) and beta (TNFB), have been chromosomally assigned by radioactive in situ hybridization. The genomic probes for TNFA and TNFB yielded signals above 7p11-q11, a region that has been shown earlier to carry the porcine major histocompatibility locus (SLA). These mapping data along with preliminary molecular studies suggest a genomic organization of the SLA that is similar to that of human and murine major histocompatibility complexes.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

A reciprocal whole-arm translocation, rcp(1;6)(1p6p;1q6q) in a boar, localization of the breakpoints, and reassignment of the genes for glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) and calcium release channel (CRC).

A reciprocal whole-arm translocation between chromosomes 1 and 6 in a Swiss Large White boar with reduced fertility was identified by the use of different staining techniques in mitotic metaphase cells, synaptonemal complex analyses, and meiotic chromosome preparations. The karyotype of this boar was demonstrated to be 38,XY,rcp(1;6)(1p6p;1q6q). To further localize the breakpoints more precisely and determine the precise gene locations, several in situ hybridization experiments were performed with a chromosome 1 centromere-specific probe and two other gene probes. The breakage and reunion points of both chromosomes were located in the centromeric regions. The genes for glucose phosphate isomerase and calcium release channel were mapped to 6cen----q12.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Flock data reported from a poultry slaughter house (broilers)].

Six broiler flocks have been compared with regard to the occurrence of attributes according to an examination protocol. Approved birds were scrutinized per random sample, condemned birds altogether. Parameters of examination were body weight occurring attributes (computed single and cumulated) count of dead and condemned birds in fattening period, transport and on slaughter line as well. Each flock was conspicuous in one or another respect. The graduation of the flocks was possible using the factors losses in the fattening period count of condemnation losses in the total production line coefficient of variation of weights attributes occurring in the meat inspection cumulated count of all attributes leading to condemnation. Results demonstrate, that graduation of different flocks by means of quantitative measurements is possible.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed1992

[Husbandry factors causing morphologic abnormalities in poultry meat (broilers)].

Zootechnical events affect the state of slaughtered poultry. Data from the literature are compiled. From this point of view monitoring of environmental parameters and morphological findings observed in the slaughterhouse can help in detecting faults in the fattening period. An approach like this would contribute to quality control in broiler meat production.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1992

Assignment of the pig apolipoprotein B locus (APOB) to chromosome region 3q24-qter.

The locus for apolipoprotein-B (APOB) has been chromosomally assigned in swine by in situ hybridization of a genomic probe to metaphase chromosomes. As expected based on the observation of extensive linkage conservation and based on the previous assignment of the malate dehydrogenase locus (MDH1) in swine, APOB maps to chromosome 3, specifically to region 3q24-qter. Variations at APOB may represent both in humans and in swine risk factors for hypercholesterolaemia and atherosclerosis. Evidence presented here that the human and porcine APOB occupy evolutionarily conserved chromosome regions provides a basis for using the pig as an animal model to study the APOB associated atherosclerosis risk.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Mapping of bovine cytokeratin sequences to four different sites on three chromosomes.

The chromosomal location of bovine class I and class II cytokeratin sequences was determined using in situ hybridization and Southern blot hybridization to DNA from hybrid somatic cells. The main signals were found over chromosome region 19q16----qter after in situ hybridization with two probes for the class I cytokeratin gene subfamily (KRT10 and KRT19) and over region 5q14----q23 after hybridization with probes for the class II gene subfamily (KRT1, KRT5, and KRT8). These regions most likely contain the loci of functional cytokeratin genes, with KRT10 and KRT19 mapping to 19q21 and KRT1, KRT5, and KRT8 to 5q21. The in situ hybridization data were corroborated by analysis of a somatic hybrid cell panel. The genes for the class I keratins segregated concordantly with each other and syntenic group U21 but were discordant with the class II keratin genes. The class II keratin genes segregated concordantly with each other and syntenic group U3. Two class II gene probes gave an additional minor signal above chromosome region 5q25----q33 after in situ hybridization, while another class II probe yielded a minor signal above chromosome region 10q31----qter. When the latter probe and an additional linked probe were hybridized to DNAs from a hybrid panel, two independently segregating loci were recognized, one of which cosegregated with the class II subfamily in syntenic group U3 and the other with syntenic group U5. These data confirm the chromosomal assignment of two syntenic groups and allow the assignment of a formerly unassigned syntenic group.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Use of bacteriological techniques in the quality control of poultry slaughtering].

Factors influencing the bacteriological status of materials, treated on a special stage of processing, can be detected by analysis of the flow of production. Changing the design of equipment, change of the production flow and education of the personnel who is handling the equipment can eliminate or minimize the risks. The data are to be collected on the basis of the special conditions of the plant. The daily checks can be performed by visual inspection or by using physical techniques.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed1990

The bovine genome contains polymorphic microsatellites.

Dinucleotide repeats constitute so-called microsatellites of the human and other eukaryotic genomes. Microsatellite polymorphisms can be identified through the amplification of the microsatellite DNA using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by resolution of the amplified DNA fragments on a polyacrylamide sequencing gel. We performed a preliminary sequence database search to identify bovine sequences containing (CA)n, (AC)n, (GT)n, or (TG)n blocks, with n greater than or equal to 6. This search yielded 10 sequences containing one or two of the specified repeat blocks and often additional dinucleotide repeat blocks. One of the microsatellite-containing regions has been sequenced twice from independent clones and the reported sequences showed variation in the number of repeats. PCR-amplified fragments of another sequence, the gene for steroid 21-hydroxylase, ranged from 186 to 216 nucleotides in 43 unrelated animals. The database search, as well as the hypervariable microsatellite in the bovine steroid 21-hydroxylase gene, indicates that dinucleotide blocks may be an abundant source of DNA polymorphism in cattle.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

A polymorphic satellite sequence maps to the pericentric region of the bovine Y chromosome.

Exploiting a serendipitously observed bovine male-specific signal, generated by the mouse pSP64.2.5EI minisatellite probe, we have cloned a bovine (Bos taurus) Y-specific sequence: btDYZ-1. This sequence is composed of 60 tandem repetitions of a motif consisting of two parts: a 40-bp-long unit, showing a mean divergence of 27% between repeats, separated from the next repeat by a TG-rich stretch varying in length between 12 and 63 bp. The number of copies of this repeated motif has been estimated at 6 X 10(4) per male genome. As a consequence, the corresponding satellite, DYZ-1, might represent approximately 1/20 of the bovine Y chromosome. btDYZ-1 has been mapped by in situ hybridization to the pericentric region of the Y chromosome. It is characterized by a substantial genetic polymorphism and has been shown to be conserved within the Bos and Bison genera of the Bovinae subfamily. This sequence is being used to develop a sexing procedure for bovine preimplantation embryos based on the polymerase chain reaction.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

The thyroglobulin gene is syntenic with the MYC and MOS protooncogenes and carbonic anhydrase II and maps to chromosome 14 in cattle.

Using a panel of bovine x Chinese hamster hybrid somatic cells, sequences homologous to genes spanning human chromosome arm 8q have been syntenically assigned in cattle. Thyroglobulin (TG), carbonic anhydrase II (CA2), and the protooncogenes MYC and MOS were assigned to a newly identified bovine syntenic group, U23. Additionally, in situ hybridization of the thyroglobulin probe to bovine metaphase chromosomes revealed this syntenic group to be on bovine chromosome 14 and the bovine thyroglobulin gene to reside at 14q12----q15.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The bovine gene map.

The present status of the bovine gene map as well as some of the methods and strategies important for future efforts in completing the gene map of cattle are reviewed.

Animals↗