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Biomedical subjects

R G Bernstein

Publications and source records attributed to R G Bernstein.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Pneumonia due to Staphylococcus aureus in a patient with AIDS: review of incidence and report of an atypical roentgenographic presentation.

Multiple defects in host defense mechanisms produce an increased incidence of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia in individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Clinical studies suggest that Staphylococcus aureus is an uncommon cause of such infections, though its incidence is increased in the setting of intravenous drug use, indwelling vascular catheter, and coexistent pulmonary Kaposi's sarcoma or pneumonia due to Pneumocystis carinii. The significantly higher incidence of S aureus pneumonia documented in autopsy series suggests that the infection frequently remains undiagnosed ante mortem. The clinical and radiologic presentation of staphylococcal pneumonia in HIV-seropositive patients is similar to that seen in immunocompetent hosts. However, atypical radiographic patterns can occur. We describe a case of S aureus pneumonia manifested as an infiltrate with focal predominance and multiple cavitary lesions. Such a radiologic appearance has not previously been described in this population. Given the likelihood that pneumonia due to S aureus is significantly underdiagnosed ante mortem, a high index of clinical suspicion is warranted.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

Red blood cell labeling with technetium-99m. Effect of radiopaque contrast agents.

Radiographic contrast agents have been reported in the literature to interfere significantly with red blood cell (RBC) labeling in vivo by Tc-99m. Moreover, in the presence of contrast agents, red cells have been known to undergo significant morphologic changes. These observations led to the current RBC labeling study in patients (N = 25) undergoing procedures with the administration of contrast media. Before and after contrast administration, blood samples were drawn from each patient into vacutainer tubes containing heparin and RBC labeling was performed using 1-ml aliquots of these samples following the Brookhaven National Laboratory protocol. The differences in average percentage labeling yield with and without contrast media were not significant. In vivo labeling in hypertensive rats with administration of contrast media up to 600 mg likewise consistently gave high labeling yields at all concentrations. Purported alterations in cell labeling attributed to contrast agents are not reflected in these studies, and other pathophysiologic factors need to be identified to substantiate the previous reports. In vitro study offers a potentially useful and simple method to delineate effects of various agents on cell labeling.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Small-bowel varices due to mesenteric metastasis.

Small-bowel varices are rare, occurring almost exclusively in patients with portal hypertension. A patient with ileal varices due to mesenteric venous occlusion by metastatic tumor is reported. This association has not been described previously.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Intrarenal hemangiomas in the Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome.

The Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome is composed of the triad of unilateral limb hypertrophy, abnormalities of the deep venous system, and port-wine hemangiomas. An interesting case is presented in which there were multiple abnormalities of the renal veins and intrarenal hemangiomas resulting in renal failure in addition to the usual peripheral abnormalities.

Angiomatosis↗
PubMed1983

Hematuria secondary to left peripelvic and gonadal vein varices.

The nutcracker syndrome refers to compression of the left renal vein between the aorta and superior mesenteric artery which results in renal vein and left gonadal vein varices. This is an unusual but well accepted cause of hematuria. We report a case of the nutcracker syndrome and present the radiologic workup including computerized tomography (CT) and renal venography with venous pressure measurements.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The value of ultrasound in the diagnosis of popliteal artery aneurysms.

Although popliteal artery aneurysms are among the most common type of peripheral artery aneurysm, they may be difficult to diagnose until complications such as peripheral embolization, acute thrombosis and rupture occur. Pressure on adjacent structures may cause neurological symptoms and venous thrombosis. The diagnosis of peripheral artery aneurysms is usually made by physical examination and arteriography. Recently, ultrasound of the popliteal space has been found to be very useful in the diagnosis of popliteal artery aneurysms. It is therefore important to recognize the value of ultrasound for imaging popliteal artery aneurysms and to use this readily available non-invasive modality in patients in which physical examination and/or angiography of the popliteal fossa is equivocal. We present one case of a popliteal artery aneurysm which was missed by angiography and physical examination in which ultrasound was very important in diagnosing this aneurysm pre-operatively, and two cases in which the ultrasound examination confirmed the presence of the popliteal artery aneurysm but better delineated its size than did angiography.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Renal oncocytoma: angiographic features of two cases.

Two cases of renal oncocytoma (proximal tubular adenoma) with a similar angiographic appearance are reported. The vascular supply to the lesion tends to be arranged in "spoke-wheel" pattern with vessels radiating toward the center of the lesion; the angiographic appearance may help to differentiate renal oncocytoma from hypernephroma preoperatively.

Adenoma↗