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Biomedical subjects

R G Burr

Publications and source records attributed to R G Burr.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

The effect of oral acetohydroxamic acid on urinary saturation in stone-forming spinal cord patients.

Chronic urinary infection is thought to be a major factor in the causation of urinary calculi in paraplegic patients. Acetohydroxamic acid is reported to be effective in some patients for the management of this type of stone disease, but there have been no studies of urinary saturation levels during therapy with this drug. In this study 10 patients received oral acetohydroxamic acid for seven days. Marked lowering of urinary pH and ammonium levels were observed, but decreases in urinary saturation were small. The administration of acetohydroxamic acid resulted in increased urinary excretion of magnesium and phosphate, effects that have not previously been reported.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Survival time in paraplegics with certain urinary complications.

The clinical records of 1025 patients admitted to the National Spinal Injuries Centre between 1944 and 1969, (and who later died), were reviewed. Average survival times were obtained following the occurrence of a stone in the urinary tract and following the onset of proteinuria, reduced creatinine clearance and elevated serum creatinine. The case records of a further 388 patients admitted during 1950, 1955 and 1960 but thought to be still living were reviewed for comparison. Their known life span following the onset of the complications studied did not differ from those of the deceased patients in the survey.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Clinical and experimental studies with oral aluminum hydroxide.

Experimental studies in 10 paraplegic patients showed highly significant reduction in urinary saturation associated with the oral administration of aluminium hydroxide. Only 50 per cent of urine samples from five patients with calculous disease were actually undersaturated, however. During clinical studies in 12 patients with renal calculous disease, four had recurrence or growth of calculi while receiving medication, three had no recurrence during therapy, but new stones appeared after the medication was stopped, and five had no growth or recurrence either during therapy or after its cessation.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1981

Diuresis and urinary saturation in patients with neurogenic bladder.

The effects of variation in fluid intake, of hard or softened drinking water, and of dietary calcium restriction on urinary relative saturation with calcium phosphates and magnesium ammonium phosphate were studied in 36 patients with neruogenic bladder. The relationship between urine volume and brushite saturation was statistically significant in 25 patients. For 8, an output of at least 4 liters per day should provide effective antistone therapy. For 17, an impossibly large volume (up to 11 liters daily) would be required. In two patients brushite saturation was significantly reduced in response to substitution of softened water for hard drinking, and in another two soft water combined with dietary calcium restriction had a similar effect. Unless urinary pH can be controlled, limitation of calcium intake is of no value in the majority of patients with neurogenic bladder and calculous disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

A relationship between the composition of the urine and that of urinary tract calculi in spinal patients.

Chemical analysis was carried out on 42 urinary phosphatic calculi obtained from 14 spinal cord patients (two to seven stones per patient) and on small samples taken from different sites in a further 17 large phosphatic calculi. In 'early' stones (removed up to 30 months after onset of the cord lesion) the ratio of calcium to magnesium was significantly higher than in 'late' stones. Samples taken from sites nearer to the centres of calculi contained more calcium and less magnesium than did those from more peripheral sites. This change in the composition of urinary calculi with time corresponds with the known alterations in urinary calcium and magnesium following spinal cord injury.

Calcium↗
PubMed1978

Urinary calculi composition in patients with spinal cord lesions.

Because of the reported production of predominantly phosphatic calculi by hypercalciuric patients there was a need to confirm the analysis of such stones using quantitative methods. Calcium, magnesium, ammonium, orthophosphate, oxalate, carbonate and urate were therefore determined in 148 calculi from 113 patients with spinal cord lesions. There were 145 (98%) composed of calcium phosphate and magnesium ammonium phosphate. Only trace amounts of calcium oxalate were present in most. The remaining 2% were calcium oxalate stones. The ratio of nonoxalate calcium to magnesium was inversely related to the duration of paralysis. This study revealed that, when this variable was taken into account, the composition of a stone was not related to its weight, site of occurrence, level of the cord lesion, sex of the patient, or therapy with acidifying drugs.

Calcium↗
PubMed1977

Inhibition of urease by miscellaneous ions and compounds. Implications for the therapy of infection-induced urolithiasis.

One hundred forty-eight drugs and other organic and inorganic substances were screened for their ability to inhibit the enzyme urease in an in vitro system modeled on infected urine. The reported urease-inhibiting properties of ascorbic acid, tetracyclines, and sulfanilamide were not confirmed. At least 50 per cent inhibition was observed in the presence of kanamvcin, hydroxguanidine, benzoquinone, 1,2-naphthaquinone-4-sulfonate, chloramine-T, N-bromoacetamide, copper, mercury, and fluoride. It is, however, unlikely that therapeutically effective concentrations can be attained in urine without giving dosages likely to result in toxic effects. Hydroxyurea, at the dose level used in cytotoxic therapy, may be expected to produce effective inhibition of bacterial urease in the urinary tract, providing renal function is unimpaired and providing urinary volume does not exceed 1 liter per 24 hr. Acetohydroxamic acid is potentially the most useful drug for the treatment of infection-induced urinary stone disease available at present.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1976

The determination of silicates in urinary calculi.

The determination of silica and silicates in urinary calculi is rendered difficult by the common occurrence in such material of high concentrations of calcium, magnesium and orthophosphate. The problem has been studied, and manual and semi-automated procedures for the determination are described. 145 stones from the urinary tracts of patients with spinal cord injury were analysed, but in all of them the silicon content was below the limit of detection of 0.7 gSiO2 per 100 g calculus.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed1975

The effect of an antibacterial drug on urinary calcium, magnesium and phosphorus excretion in patients with neurogenic bladder.

The effect of the simultaneous administration of hexamine mandelate and methionine on the urinary excretion of calcium, magnesium and phosphate is reported in 3 groups of paraplegic patients. Long-term therapy with G 500 increases bone loss in paralysed patients, and is contra-indicated when there is infection of the urinary tract by urea-splitting organisms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1973

Blood zinc in the spinal patient.

A rapid microspectrophotometric method was used to measure zinc concentrations in plasma and erythrocytes. A circadian variation in plasma zinc related to the ingestion of food was observed. Fasting plasma zinc concentrations were low in 20 out of 23 paraplegic patients with pressure sores, indicating that oral zinc supplementation may be expected to accelerate healing in such patients. Erythrocyte zinc levels did not differ between different groups of subjects and exhibited no circadian rhythm.

Administration, Oral↗