Biomedical subjects
R G Carr
Publications and source records attributed to R G Carr.
Nutritional support in a general urological service.
A nutritional support team was used in the assessment and management of patients on a general urological service. Indications for nutritional evaluation included history of weight loss, anorexia, significant infection, chronic neoplastic disease, trauma or major surgery. The fat and protein status of the patient was assessed by anthropomorphic and laboratory determinations. The patient then was categorized as having mild, moderate or severe degrees of nutritional depletion. Deficiencies in vitamins, trace elements or essential fatty acids were not noted. Caloric and protein needs were calculated by multiplication of the basal energy expenditure by a metabolic activity factor, which was derived from the degree of illness or stress. Nutritional support was provided by enteral feedings via oral, nasogastric or jejunal feeding tubes and/or intravenous hyperalimentation via peripheral or central venous nutrient lines. During a 6-month interval nutritional consultation was requested for 50 patients, who represented 7 per cent of the urological admissions. Nutritional support was provided for patients who had obstructive uropathy with or without neoplasms, radiation cystitis, sepsis, urinary fistulas, mental depression, end stage renal disease or neurological dysfunction. In patients in whom urological treatment controlled the disease nutritional support maintained the weight, and stabilized serum albumin and lymphocyte counts. We concluded that a nutritional support program has a significant and, often, unappreciated role in the management of urological patients.
A simpler method for combined detection of human peripheral lymphocyte subpopulations.
A method for the simultaneous enumeration of human lymphocyte subpopulations was developed by mixing lymphocytes, sheep red blood cells and immunobeads. Thymus-dependent lymphocytes (T cells) are detected by rosette formation with AET-treated sheep blood cells, and thymus-independent lymphocytes (B cells) are identified by rosette formation with polyacrylamide gel coated with antibody specific to both light chains (chi and lambda) of immunoglobulin. The major advantage of this technique is that it is simple, convenient and reproducible. This method also detects lymphocytes possessing both T and B cell markers (double-marker lymphocytes). Three different types of rosettes are distinquishable under light-microscopic observation, and this method may be valuable in clinical use.
A method for preservation of lymphocyte rosettes in agarose.
A simple, reproducible method for preservation of lymphocyte rosettes in agarose-gel as supporting medium had been developed. The method allows many test samples to be stored and examined under similar conditions, and rosette-forming cells to be identified by the morphologic features.
AET-treated sheep red blood cell and immunobead for combined detection of human peripheral lymphocyte subpopulations.
This paper describes a method for the simultaneous determination of human thymus-dependent lymphocyte (T cell) and thymus-independent lymphocyte (B cell) populations by mixing lymphocytes, sheep red blood cells, and immunobeads. This method also detects lymphocytes possessing both T and B cell markers. T cells are detected by rosette formation with AET-treated sheep red blood cells and B cells are identified by rosette formation with polyacrylamide gel coated with antibody specific to immunoglobulin classes. The major advantages of this technique is that it is simple, convenient, and reproducible. Three different types of rosettes are distinguishable under light microscopic observation. The detection of double marker lymphocytes, using this combined technique, may have further application in clinical investigation.