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Biomedical subjects

R G Hoffmann

Publications and source records attributed to R G Hoffmann.

139 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Antihypertensive effect of carteolol in thiazide-treated hypertensive subjects.

The antihypertensive effect of carteolol, a new potent nonselective beta-adrenergic antagonist, was investigated in a double-blind, parallel study of 35 patients with mild-to-moderate, essential hypertension whose blood pressures were not adequately controlled with a diuretic. Patients were randomly assigned to receive placebo, carteolol 5 mg, or carteolol 20 mg once a day in addition to hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg for six weeks. Thirty-four patients completed the study: 11 patients received placebo (group 1), 12 patients received carteolol 5 mg (group 2), and 11 patients received carteolol 20 mg (group 3). After six weeks of treatment, the two groups that received carteolol had significant reductions in systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure from baseline in both the supine and standing positions. In group 2, mean SBP decreases for supine and standing positions were 11 +/- 2.1 and 11 +/- 1.9 mm Hg, respectively (P less than .01) and 8 +/- 1.2 and 9 +/- 1.3 mm Hg, respectively, for DBP (P less than .01); whereas in group 3, values were 8 +/- 2.8 and 12 +/- 3.0 mm Hg for SBP, in 5 +/- 1.9 and 9 +/- 3.1 mm Hg, respectively, for DBP (P less than .01). The hypotensive effect was associated with slight but significant decreases in heart rate (P less than .01 in group 2 and P less than .05 in group 3). Reductions in SBP and DBP with the 20-mg dose were not significantly different from those with the 5-mg dose.2+ moderate hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of two methods for calculating expected mortality.

A number of statistics based on person-years of survival have use in mortality studies. However, calculation of an expected number of deaths based on person-years of survival and standard death rates cannot be justified. We derive a new method to estimate expected mortality based on a model which assumes that each individual contributes to expected mortality from the time he enters the study until the study ends, regardless of whether he dies during the study. This model shows that what is referred to as expected mortality in the person-years method is a biased estimate of expected mortality. The variance of observed mortality under this new model is substantially less than the variance commonly used with the person-years method.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

DNA content in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

DNA analysis by flow cytometry was performed on tissue blocks from 41 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The histologic slides were reviewed by a pathologist and blindly classified according to the World Health Organization classification. The paraffin-embedded blocks were processed to obtain individual nuclei, which were then stained with propidium iodide. The nuclei were analyzed on a flow cytometer. Excluding 10 uninterpretable histograms, the remainder were interpreted blindly and classified as diploid or aneuploid. The Cox proportional hazards survival model was used to analyze stage, histology, radiation dose, and ploidy. We observed more diploids (23 of 31; 74%) than aneuploids (eight of 31; 26%). The 2-year survival rate of diploids was 55%, compared with 25% of aneuploids (P less than .05). We conclude that ploidy status is an independent prognostic factor in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Carcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Transplantation in children. A longitudinal assessment of mothers' stress, coping, and perceptions of family functioning.

This study examined the parenting stress, coping resources, and family functioning among 27 mothers of children undergoing bone marrow, liver, kidney, and heart transplantation. The mothers completed a comprehensive battery of psychological instruments at the pretransplant stage and at 1- and 6-month posttransplant stages. Increased parenting stress, financial strain, caregiver burden, and family stress were reported following transplantation and persisted for several months. The mothers reported using coping strategies characterized by attempts to maintain family integration and to understand the child's medical situation. Development and evaluation of intervention programs to enhance parents' ability to cope with stress and maintain family stability are warranted.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Postoperative wound infections in a children's hospital.

A prospective study was made of postoperative wound infections at Milwaukee Children's Hospital for 1 year. Essentially all procedures requiring a skin incision were included. The clean surgical wound infection rate was 3.1% (26 infections in 849 cases). There were no significant differences in clean wound infection rates among the individual surgeons or among the four busiest surgical services. The occurrence of postoperative wound infections was associated with administration of prophylactic antibiotics, longer duration of surgical procedures and longer hospital stay before and after surgery. About 50% of patients having a clean surgical procedure were given prophylactic antibiotics. Prophylactic antibiotic were given for 4 days or more in about half the cases.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Predictors of condom use and human immunodeficiency virus test seeking among women living in inner-city public housing developments.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To examine prevalence and predictors of condom use and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) test seeking among women living in inner-city housing developments. STUDY DESIGN: Between April and June 1994, 671 women living in low-income housing developments in five cities in the United States completed an anonymous self-report questionnaire eliciting information on acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) risk behavior and characteristics indicative of risk. RESULTS: Most participants were women of color who were economically disadvantaged. Fifteen percent reported multiple sex partners, and 30% of women with one sex partner believed he had sex with someone else in the past year. Predictors of condom use included increased rates of safe-sex negotiation, stronger risk reduction intentions, absence of condom barrier beliefs, and multiple sex partners. Women tested for HIV in the past year were younger, perceived themselves to be at risk for HIV infection, reported more conversations with other women about AIDS concerns, and had condoms readily available. CONCLUSIONS: HIV public health prevention interventions are urgently needed for women who live in low-income urban housing developments.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Psychosocial differences between recently HIV tested and non-tested gay men who reside in smaller US cities.

While a number of studies have examined behavioural and psychosocial correlates of HIV test seeking, most of this research has relied on samples of urban gay men. Less is known about HIV testing rates and factors associated with testing among gay and bisexual men who live in smaller cities. The present research administered surveys to 3969 non-exclusively partnered gay and bisexual men attending gay bars in small American cities to determine (a) rates of HIV test seeking, and (b) how tested and non-tested men differed on a battery of psychosocial indices. A total of 68% of men had been tested for antibodies to HIV--50% in the past year. Men tested for HIV in the past year, compared to men never tested for HIV, knew more people who were HIV positive or were diagnosed with AIDS, had a closer relationship with someone who had died of AIDS, were more likely to be ethnic minorities, reported more conversations with friends about safer sex, and had stronger intentions to use condoms during their next intercourse occasion. Our results indicate that HIV counselling and testing programmes comprise an important component of HIV prevention efforts assisting gay men residing in smaller USA cities.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗