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Biomedical subjects

R G Lambert

Publications and source records attributed to R G Lambert.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Situational analysis of parenting problems for caregivers of children with sickle cell syndromes.

A situational analysis of problematic situations was conducted for 37 caregivers of children with sickle cell disease (SCD) who ranged in age from 5 to 13 years. Participants responded to a semistructured interview related to caring for a child with SCD. The interview included the domains of medication adherence, nutrition, minimizing and coping with pain episodes, social problems, academic difficulties, and children's expression of negative feelings related to having SCD. Caregivers described a total of 356 problems. Almost all caregivers reported experiencing problems with their children's nutrition (n = 35), minimizing pain episodes (n = 34), and their children expressing feelings about having SCD (n = 33). Moderately challenging and emotionally upsetting problems were reported for coping with pain episodes. The total number of problems was significantly higher for boys than for girls. Nutrition issues were more frequently reported for younger children. Findings have salient clinical implications for the care of children with SCD.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1999

Knowledge of physician prescriptions and adherence to treatment among children with cystic fibrosis and their mothers.

This investigation examined factors related to adherence to treatment regimens for children with cystic fibrosis (CF) and their mothers. Subjects were 45 children with CF who ranged in age from 6 to 10 years and their mothers. Findings revealed that children's and parents' reports of level of adherence were related to their knowledge of the specific details associated with medically prescribed treatments. In this sample, 12% to 32% of mothers did not have an accurate understanding of physician recommendations for their children's treatments. When controlling for individual differences in the prescribed treatment regimens, parents' and children's knowledge of what had been prescribed accounted for a significant portion of the variance in the children's reported treatment-related behaviors. Results are discussed in terms of implications for future intervention research aimed at enhancing adherence to treatment as well as for future directions for clinical efforts in this area.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1998

Family functioning and social support in the adaptation of caregivers of children with sickle cell syndromes.

OBJECTIVE: To examine moderating effects of family functioning and social support on the relationship of child-related stressors to caregivers' psychological adaptation in a sample of caregivers of children with a chronic illness. METHOD: Participants were 67 caregivers of children and adolescents with sickle cell syndromes. We conducted MANOVAs and subsequent effect size calculations to determine if family functioning would buffer the effects of caring for difficult-to-manage children with this illness. RESULTS: Findings supported a moderator effect of family functioning on the association of children's externalizing behavioral problems to caregivers' symptoms of hostility. Greater levels of cohesive and adaptive family functioning buffered the potential detrimental effects of caring for children perceived as hard to manage. No significant associations were obtained between measures of caregivers' psychological adaptation and the severity of their children's disease. CONCLUSIONS: We make recommendations for family systems interventions, particularly for caregivers of children with behavior problems.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1995

Centrifugal osteopetrosis: appendicular sclerosis with relative sparing of the vertebrae.

A previously unreported pattern of bone involvement in autosomal dominant osteopetrosis is described in three affected members of a Vietnamese kindred. The hands, feet, distal bones, and skull were markedly osteosclerotic on radiologic examination. The vertebrae displayed very minimal thickening of the endplates in two of the cases, and no visible involvement in the third. The vertebral bone density (assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) was markedly elevated, suggesting that the spine was not completely spared. This pattern contrasts with the predominantly axial distribution of the recognized variants of osteopetrosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Chemotherapy for acute lymphocytic leukemia: cognitive and academic sequelae.

Iatrogenic cognitive impairments have been reported for survivors of childhood leukemia after prophylactic central nervous system therapy with craniospinal radiation. To determine whether chemotherapy alone might be a source of central nervous system damage, we assessed in a cross-sectional design the cognitive and academic functioning of 48 children with acute lymphocytic leukemia who were at various stages in their treatment or who had completed treatment. The off-therapy patients who had completed a 3-year course of chemotherapy were more impaired in tasks of higher-order cognitive functioning than were those children whose leukemia had been newly diagnosed and those children whose diagnoses had been 1 year earlier. Off-therapy patients also had concomitant diagnosable learning disabilities in mathematics. We recommend appropriate liaison and special education placements, as well as continued evaluation of cognitive and leaning functioning of children treated for moderate-risk acute lymphocytic leukemia who receive chemotherapy alone.

Achievement↗
PubMed1992

Cognitive status of children treated with central nervous system prophylactic chemotherapy for acute lymphocytic leukemia.

Treatment-related cognitive impairments have been reported for survivors of childhood leukemia following prophylactic central nervous system (CNS) treatment with craniospinal radiation. We examined the neurocognitive status of 46 children with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) to assess the impact of a regimen consisting of systemic chemotherapy and prophylactic CNS chemotherapy. By comparing three groups of ALL children (i.e., patients whose diagnosis was recent, patients 1 year postdiagnosis currently receiving CNS prophylactic chemotherapy, and off-therapy patients who had been treated with chemotherapy for 3 years) and their healthy siblings on measures of sequential and simultaneous processing, we were able to examine the effects of CNS prophylactic and systemic chemotherapy at various points during treatment. Results indicate that the children who had received a 3-year course of chemotherapy (off-therapy patients) were more impaired on tasks involving right-hemisphere simultaneous processing than were sibling controls or ALL children whose diagnosis was recent and whose treatment had just begun. Age at diagnosis did not interact with the effects of chemotherapy. These findings support the need for continued evaluation of cognitive functioning in ALL, children receiving CNS prophylactic chemotherapy to identify potential harmful neurocognitive sequelae of treatment.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1989

Diffuse skeletal hyperostosis in idiopathic hypoparathyroidism.

A case of idiopathic hypoparathyroidism (IHP) is reported with extensive ligamentous and tendinous ossification and soft tissue calcification. The pertinent radiological features of IHP and the unusual findings in this case are reviewed together with similar previously reported cases. Whether IHP is a causative or aggravating factor in the aetiology of the skeletal changes is discussed with particular reference to their similarity to diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH). We conclude that, in patients with an ossifying diathesis, IHP acts as a stimulant resulting in exuberant skeletal hyperostosis that is indistinguishable from DISH.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

The effects of role preparation for psychotherapy on immigrant clients seeking mental health services in Hawaii.

The present study sought to examine the effects of a standard role induction (role preparation) procedure on immigrant patients having their first therapy experience. Thirty immigrant clients who met selection criteria and were seeking treatment at a community mental health center in Hawaii were assigned to either role induction (therapy preparation intervention) or a placebo intervention prior to receiving therapy offered by 10 professional therapists. The effects of the role-induction or placebo manipulation were assessed by a measure of expectancy, satisfaction ratings, and data on premature termination and attendance. Results indicated that the patients who received the role preparation procedure as well as placebo patients had changed their expectations in appropriate ways by the end of therapy. The role-prepared patients, however, became less dependent on their therapist for support, advice, and direction. In addition, the role-prepared patients were more satisfied with therapy, rated themselves as more changed, and dropped out of treatment at significantly lower rates. The implications of the results for service delivery to immigrant patients were examined.

Community Mental Health Centers↗
PubMed1976

High-dose corticosteroids in severe acute asthma.

Twenty-six patients admitted to hospital for treatment of severe exacerbations of asthma unresponsive to bronchodilators were assigned to high-, medium-, or low-dose corticosteroid treatment regimens. The rates of recovery were assessed by changes in pulse rate, peak expiratory flow rate, and spirometric measurements and were not related to the dose of corticosteroids given. Very high systemic doses of corticosteroids do not offer significant advantages in treating severe exacerbations of asthma.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗