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Biomedical subjects

R G Robinson

Publications and source records attributed to R G Robinson.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Differential and asymmetrical behavioral effects of electrolytic or 6-hydroxydopamine lesions in the nucleus accumbens.

Sprague-Dawley rats received either unilateral or bilateral electrolytic or 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions in the nucleus accumbens (n. acc.) and daily spontaneous activity was measured in home cage running wheels for 30 days postoperatively. Bilateral electrolytic lesions increased activity to 230% of preoperative baseline. Right electrolytic lesions produced a 50% increase in activity while left lesion rats were not significantly different from sham-operated controls. Conversely, 6-OHDA lesions depressed activity. Bilateral 6-OHDA lesions had the greatest depressant effect upon activity while unilateral left or right n. acc. treatments produced relatively less hypoactivity. Results support an asymmetrically organized serial inhibition model of spontaneous locomotor control.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Mania after brain injury. A controlled study of causative factors.

Eleven patients who developed manic syndromes after brain injury (secondary mania) were studied. Six patients had depressive episodes before mania and five had a definite or possible family history of affective disorder. Eight had lesions involving limbic areas, and nine had right hemisphere involvement. In addition to focal brain injury, mean values for bifrontal and third ventricle/brain ratios of manic patients were significantly increased when compared with non-manic patients who had lesions matched for cause, location, volume, and time since injury. Results indicate that the confluence of either anterior subcortical atrophy and a focal lesion of a limbic or limbic-connected region of the right hemisphere, or genetic loading and a limbic-connected right hemisphere lesion may account for the rare occurrence and specific factors necessary to produce secondary mania.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMed1987

Treatment of metastatic bone pain with strontium-89.

We have utilized 89Sr as palliative treatment for bone pain secondary to metastatic cancer in the skeleton of over 200 patients. The best results have been in patients with carcinoma of the prostate (80% response rate) and breast (89%). Results in a small number of patients with a variety of other cell types were not nearly as encouraging. Strontium-89 provides excellent palliation in the management of bone pain secondary to prostate and breast carcinoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Comparison of cortical and subcortical lesions in the production of poststroke mood disorders.

Patients with single stroke lesions, verified by computerized tomography, involving either cortical tissue or restricted entirely to subcortical structures were examined for mood disorders. Those with left anterior lesions, either cortical or subcortical, had significantly greater frequency and severity of depression than patients with any other lesion location. A strong correlation between the severity of depression and proximity of the lesion to the frontal pole was observed for both left cortical and subcortical groups. Right hemisphere lesions did not show the same correlation with depression but were associated with a significantly higher incidence of undue cheerfulness. These findings demonstrate the importance of the location of subcortical lesions in poststroke mood disorders and suggest that anterior subcortical structures may play an important but lateralized role in the production or regulation of mood.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1987

The use of an iodophor-impregnated plastic incise drape in abdominal surgery--a controlled clinical trial.

A prospective randomized clinical trial comparing the use of a new iodophor-impregnated incise drape with a standard skin preparation technique in 1102 patients undergoing abdominal surgical procedures is reported. The effect of the incise drape on wound bacterial contamination and subsequent wound infections is compared. The iodophor-impregnated plastic incise drape reduced the contamination of the wound. In particular, isolates of normal skin organisms were less frequent when the drape was used in clean and clean contaminated procedures. However, no difference was found between the wound infection rates for the patients on whom the iodophor drape was used and those patients on whom the drape was not used.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1986

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Periodicals as Topic↗
PubMed1986

Sex dependent behavioral response to frontal cortical suction lesions in the rat.

Previous reports indicate that male rats given right (but not left) frontal cortical suction lesions develop hyperactivity accompanied by cortical norepinephrine depletions. In this study, female rats given such lesions to either hemisphere developed bilateral cortical norepinephrine depletions but no hyperactivity. Right lesion male rats developed both catecholamine depletions and hyperactivity. Thus, the lateralized hyperactivity response to these cortical lesions is sex-dependent and may involve sex differences in subcortical neural pathways.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Anatomical predictors of behavioral recovery following fetal striatal transplants.

The ability of fetal striatal transplants to reverse behavioral deficits produced by kainic acid striatal lesions was assessed in adult female rats. Three groups of animals, including a lesion-only, a lesion and transplant, and a control group were assessed on several measures, including rewarded alternation, a sensorimotor neurological examination and on spontaneous locomotor activity. Anterior-medial striatal lesions led to a decreased performance on the rewarded alternation and sensorimotor neurological examination and caused the animals to be hyperactive in horizontal and stereotypical movements. The transplants partially reversed the rewarded alternation and locomotor deficits, but had little effect on the sensorimotor neurological deficit. Histologically, the transplanted fetal tissue survived well within the kainate-treated striatal region, and partially reversed the lesion-induced cell loss. Neuronal cell counts successfully predicted outcome on several of the behavioral measures, suggesting that the extent of behavioral recovery depends partially on quantitative aspects of the transplantation methodology.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Behavioral recovery following kainic acid lesions and fetal implants of the striatum occurs independent of dopaminergic mechanisms.

Transplantation of fetal striatal tissue into rats with kainic acid lesions of the striatum reversed the spontaneous locomotor abnormalities caused by the lesions, but had no effect on the lesion-induced hyperactivity that followed amphetamine or apomorphine injection. Conversely, transplants into intact (non-lesioned) striatum led to abnormalities in spontaneous locomotion, but did not effect locomotion under amphetamine or apomorphine conditions. Dopamine autoradiography found a relative absence of dopamine receptors within the transplants. These results suggest that the mechanism which accounts for transplant-induced recovery of spontaneous locomotion is independent of striatal dopamine mechanisms.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

A double-blind study comparing an acellular pertussis-component DTP vaccine with a whole-cell pertussis-component DTP vaccine in 18-month-old children.

An acellular pertussis-component diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (AC-DTP) vaccine was compared with a currently licensed, whole-cell pertussis-component DTP (WC-DTP) vaccine for reactogenicity and immunogenicity when given as the fourth DTP immunization in sixty 18- to 24-month-old children. Reactions over the first 48 hours were significantly less common in the AC-DTP vaccine recipients, as follows (WC-DTP/AC-DTP): fever, 85%/5%; redness, 70%/12.5%; tenderness, 100%/22.5%; swelling, 35%/10%; fretfulness, 70%/12.5%; anorexia, 35%/2.5%; and vomiting, 10%/0%. Antibody responses to pertussis antigens (agglutinogens, lymphocytosis-promoting factor, and filamentous hemagglutinin), diphtheria toxoid, and tetanus toxoid in AC-DTP vaccine recipients were comparable with those in WC-DTP vaccine recipients. The AC-DTP vaccine evaluated in this trial seems to be as immunogenic as WC-DTP vaccine while being markedly less reactogenic.

Agglutinins↗
PubMed1986

Status marmoratus in fetal cortical transplants.

Adult rats received unilateral transplants of either embryonic day-17 fetal neocortex or striatum. Sixty-two percent of the fetal neocortical transplants grafted into the striatum, and 25% of these neocortical transplants placed in host neocortex had regions of hypermyelination, whereas none of the striatal transplants showed such an effect. There are similarities between these neuropathologic findings and status marmoratus in humans and animals with perinatal hypoxic injuries.

Animals↗