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Biomedical subjects

R G White

Publications and source records attributed to R G White.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Spontaneous rupture of the liver associated with pregnancy. A report of 5 cases.

A resume of the aetiology, precipitating factors, pathology and management of spontaneous rupture of the liver in pregnancy, with a report of 5 cases, is presented. Misdiagnosis and late treatment contribute to the high mortality rate. Pre-operative diagnosis is very rare despite the fact that this is a diagnosable syndrome in pregnant multiparas with evidence of pre-eclampsia or eclampsia, and right-sided hypochondrial or epigastric pain which rapidly progresses to peripheral vascular collapse, often with signs of intraperitoneal haemorrhage. An awareness of this syndrome and early active surgical management constitute the best and only chance of survival for these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Tellurium-induced neuropathy: correlative physiological, morphological and electron microprobe studies.

Elemental tellurium (TE) was included in the normal diet of 15-day-old rats and every day thereafter for 35 days. Within 24 hours a segmental demyelination was seen in the sciatic nerve. On the 2nd day, Te was localized in the cytoplasm of the Schwann cells. On the 3rd day paralysis of the hind legs appeared which lasted 7--10 days. The papralysis then disappeared and demyelination ceased, although the rats were still ingesting Te. After one week there was also slight demyelination in the brachial plexus. Motor nerve conduction velocities were reduced below the normal control range, but only after the rats had taken Te for a least 7 days. This peripheral neuropathy can only be induced in the rat by Te ingestion between the 15th and 35th days of post-natal life, not before or after this period of time.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Cell-mediated immunity in operable bronchial carcinoma: the effect of injecting irradiated autologous tumour cells and BCG.

In 52 patients undergoing tests of cell-mediated immunity before surgical resection of bronchial carcinoma a positive tuberculin test result was found in 71% compared with 68% of age- and sex-matched controls. Sensitisation to DNCB occurred in 52% of 37 patients but in 78% of controls. There was depression of lymphocyte transformation by PPD in 19 patients compared with controls (P=0.001), but there was no difference in lymphocyte transformation by PHA or pokeweed mitogen between 34 patients and controls. In a pilot study patients were randomly allocated to autograft (eight) or non-autograft (seven) groups. The autograft group were given an intradermal injection of a suspension of irradiated autologous tumour-cells mixed with intradermal BCG on the day of operation. Tests of cell-mediated immunity were repeated two weeks after operation. Five patients in each group received a course of radiotherapy to the mediastinum three weeks after operation. There was a rise in cutaneous tuberculin reactivity (P=0.08) and total leucocyte count (P=0.09) in the autograft group postoperatively with a fall in total lymphocyte and T lymphocyte counts in the non-autograft group (P less 0.05). These differences, however, were not followed by any difference in the frequency of tumour recurrence or the survival rate two years after operation. The results show that the immunological surveillance mechanism is impaired even in patients with early bronchial carcinoma and that it is possible to overcome postoperative immunological depression with specific immunotherapy combined with BCG. This treatment did not produce any clinical advantage in this small number of patients and the skin lesions caused the patients considerable discomfort.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Radioimmunoassay of IgM, IgG, and IgA Brucella antibodies.

A radioimmunoassay (R.I.A.) has been devised to measure the serum antibody against Brucella abortus in each of the immunoglobulin classes IgM, IgG, and IgA. This test was applied to 46 sera from individuals with various clinical types of brucellosis, and the results were compared with the results of conventional direct and indirect agglutination and complement-fixation tests. The R.I.A. provided a highly sensitive primary-type assay which avoided the difficulties with blocking or non-agglutinating antibody, and thus has many advantages in the diagnosis of acute and chronic stages of brucella infection in man. The R.I.A. was successful in detection of antibody in many instances in which conventional serological tests were negative, and such antibody could (if IgM) be associated with acute or (if IgG or IgA) with chronic cases of brucellosis. One case in which B. abortus was isolated by blood culture but which failed to yield antibody by conventional tests, nevertheless showed substantial levels of IgM and IgG antibody by R.I.A. In other cases the R.I.A. test helped to eliminate the diagnosis of brucellosis by revealing absent or low antibody levels.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

Alterations of mononuclear phagocyte function induced by Lewis lung carcinoma in C57BL mice.

The function of the reticulo-endothelial system in mice bearing Lewis lung carcinomas has been measured by(1) the rate of clearance of carbon particles from the circulation in vivo and calculation of the phagocytic index K; (2) chemotactic locomotion of macrophages in vitro in the presence or absence of serum or tumour supernate. The ability of the bone marrow to develop macrophage colonies in vitro in the presence or absence of sera from tumour-bearing mice has also been tested. A clear depression of macrophage locomotion and macrophage colony formation in vitro was found in the presence of sera or tumour supernates from tumour-bearing mice as early as 24 to 72 h after tumour inoculation. Similarly, tumour-bearing mice showed marked depression of carbon clearance in tests repeated throughout the first 72 h after tumour inoculation. This early depression of macrophage function may be an important step in allowing escape of tumour cells from host resistance.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Vaccination of cattle and sheep with a combined Clostridium perfringens types C and D toxoid.

Cattle and sheep (30 each) were vaccinated with a combined Clostridium perfringens type C and C perfringens type D toxoid. Vaccination and blood sample collections were made every 2 weeks over a period of 8 weeks. Increases in antitoxin titers occurred after the 2nd administration of the 2.0-ml combined product. Highest titers were recorded when the 2nd vaccinal dose was given 2 weeks after the first. This confirms reports that response to clostridial antigens is greater when the 2nd immunizing dose is delayed 2 to 6 weeks after the initial dose.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Effect of early bursectomy on germinal centre and immunoglobulin production in chickens.

Chickens were bursectomized in ovo on days 18, 19 or 20 of incubation or within 6 h of hatch and immunized at day 28 after hatch by an intravenous injection of sheep red blood cells (SRBC). The immune response in the blood was measured by haemagglutination tests on the serum and by immunocyto-adherence tests for enumeration of rosette-forming cells with SRBC. Total serum 19S and 7S immunoglobulins were determined by radial immunodiffusion and the number of germinal centres per mm2 of fixed and stained spleen tissue sections was determined. In ovo bursectomy produced undetectably low serum levels of haemagglutinins, a reduction in SRBC rosette-forming cells with normal or increased 19S and reduced 7S immunoglobulins together with a complete disappearance (absence) of germinal centres in the spleen. The role of 19S antibody in the generation of germinal centres is discussed. The finding that birds which are equipped with serum 19S but no 7S Ig lack splenic germinal centres casts doubt on the hypothesis that the switch 19S leads to 7S Ig is necessarily an intrabursal event.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Biphasic pattern of activation of the reticuloendothelial system by anaerobic coryneforms in mice.

Macrophage activation as measured by increased rates of clearance of carbon was explored in five inbred and two outbred strains of mice pretreated with anaerobic coryneform bacilli. Constant differences were found according to strain from DBA (lowest response) to Sha-Sha (highest response). The investigation was continued with mice of CBA strain which also provided highly reproducible and high-level responses. In this strain activation occurred in two phases: an early activation which reached maximum levels at 2 days and attributable to a lipid component of the bacteria, and a late phase reaching maximum at 14 days which appeared to coincide with greatly increased weight of the liver and spleen, due to infiltration by mononuclear cells. Evidence is provided that the early phase of macrophage activation is due to a lipid extract from the anaerobic coryneforms with chemotactic activity.

Animals↗