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Biomedical subjects

R Gaines

Publications and source records attributed to R Gaines.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Occurrence of cold agglutinins in congenital scoliosis.

Eighty-seven patients undergoing spinal surgery for a variety of conditions were surveyed for the presence of cold agglutinins. Patients with congenital scoliosis or metastatic lesions of the spine were found to have a frequency of cold agglutinins that was 250 to 1000 times greater than that in the general population. This greater frequency was independent of ABO blood group, sex, or age. Pre-admission screening of congenital scoliosis patients is urged.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1977

Perception of hue re-examined: an analytical consideration of color-oddity test results.

The purpose of this study is to investigate an earlier finding wherein more than 100 subjects in four age groups responded systematically but differently to Munsell hues. According to the theoretical construction of the Munsell Color System, the spacing of the 10 hues is in perceptually equal intervals; the error responses to all hues at constant chroma should therefore be equal. The mean error rates were compared with Munsell hue distribution on seven linear and non-linear transformations of the International Commission on Illumination chromaticity diagram to uniform chromaticity systems. Hue intervals are not equal: red and green have the smallest intervals and largest error, and yellow and yellow-red the largest intervals and smallest error rate. These observations were substantiated by results from multidimensional scaling experiments reported elsewhere.

Child↗
PubMed1975

Developmental perception and cognitive styles: from young children to master artists.

The perceptual skills and cognitive styles of 30 master artists are compared to those of non-artist groups of different ages, beginning with 84 kindergarten children, and including an adult comparison group of 32. Criteria for master artists were first, handcrafted productions; second, major economic support derived from their art; third, shows in museums or good galleries; and fourth, positive peer evaluation. The test battery contained one intelligence test, two vision tests, three perceptual-discrimination measures, and five perceptual-cognitive style measures. Results show artists are significantly more flexible, accurate, variable, and field independent than all other groups. Artists, non-artist adults, and young children (60 high school sophomores, 60 children in Grade 5, 84 kindergarteners) each have differing cognitive styles. The relationship between cognitive style and artists' and non-artists' instrumental competency is discussed. Last, the extensive differences between artists' and children's performances are discussed in terms of developmental theory.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Acute cholecystitis.

The mortality rate for acute cholecystitis was 9.4 per cent. Those patients who underwent cholecystostomy had a mortality rate of 27.3 per cent, cholecystectomy 2.2 per cent, cholecystectomy and choledochotomy 7.4 per cent. Factors found to have an adverse effect on mortality in acute cholecystitis included sphincterotomy, perforation or gangrene of the gallbladder and cholagitis. Cholecystectomy is the operation of choice in acute cholecystitis in the absence of or history of jaundice or evidence of a common duct stone or cholangitis. Operative cholangiography and pressure and flow measurements through the cystic duct are advocated to avoid a retained common duct stone. Cholecystostomy should be reserved for the critically ill patient or a patient who deteriorates during operation, and it should be done only if the operator visualizes clear bile returning through the cystic duct.

Acute Disease↗