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Biomedical subjects

R Gatto

Publications and source records attributed to R Gatto.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Neurosedation in dentistry of the disabled patient: the use of midazolam, propofol, and remifentanil.

AIM: This prospective randomized study, deals with neurosedation in dental treatment of 200 disabled patients and unable to cooperate, subdivided in 4 groups of 50 male only patients, with age ranging from 28 to 59 (39+/-11), ASA I-III. METHODS: The pharmaceuticals used were Midazolam (group MID) Propofol (group Prop) and Remifentanil. Midazolam and Propofol were used following a bolus-infusion sequence, both separately and in combination among themselves (MID\PROP group), or with an opioid, Remifentanil (MID\PROP\REMI group). ECG, heart rate , non invasive blood pressure (NIBP), SaO(2), EtCO(2) during the procedure were monitored. Induction time, duration of the sedation, recovery time and discharge were reported. RESULTS: The statistical analysis demonstrated the superiority of the PROP group for induction time in minute (3.1+/-0.5) in comparison with the MID group (10.6+/-2.1), the MID\PROP group (4.3+/-1.3) and MID\PROP\REMI (3.7+/-1.2). The recovery and discharge times have confirmed the superiority of the MID\PROP\REMI group in comparison with the other 3 groups. CONCLUSION: This combination proved best at leveraging the synergistic characteristics of each single pharmaceutical and minimizing the collateral effects of each individually.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Visual input effect on EMG activity of masticatory and postural muscles in healthy and in myopic children.

AIM: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the activity of Anterior Temporal, Masseter, Sternocleidomastoid and Anterior Digastric muscles in response to changes in visual input in subjects with defective vision by means surface electromyography. METHODS: A total of 20 children, aged between 7 and 13 years, were evaluated. In the study group 10 children with myopic defects were enlisted, selected among patients afferent to the paediatric dentistry clinic. Ten subjects with normal vision, the control group, were chosen through the Pair Matching procedures, so that each myopic child had a matching age case control. Both study group and control group patients maintained mandible at rest with teeth apart and were submitted to a 15-sec electromyography (EMG) recording with closed eyes followed by a 15-sec EMG recording with open eyes. RESULTS/STATISTICS: The Root Mean Square (RMS) values were elaborated to obtain means and standard deviation. Statistical analysis was undertaken using the Student's T-test for independent samples. Analysis of the results demonstrated a marked difference in tonic activity of temporal anterior muscles at open eyes between the myopic and the normal groups. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that in the evaluation of masticatory muscles tenderness, such as episodic tension type headaches, attention should be paid to vision defects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Ocular correction effects on EMG activity of stomatognathic muscles in children with functional mandibular lateral- deviation: a case control study.

AIM: This study was conducted in order to determine the ocular correction effects on electromyography activity of anterior temporal, masseter, sternocleidomastoid and anterior digastric muscles in children with functional mandibular lateral-deviation. METHODS: This study was performed on 32 subjects, aged between 8 and 12 years with functional lateral deviation of mandible and oculo-extrinsic muscular tone disorders. After complete ophthalmologic evaluation and ocular correction prescription, the children were randomly divided into two groups: study and control. In the study group (16 subjects) EMG activity at rest was recorded in the following conditions: with eyes closed; with eyes open; with ocular correction modified through electromyographic control. In the control group (16 subjects) EMG activity at rest was recorded in the following conditions: with eyes closed; with eyes open; with conventional ocular correction. Data were acquired in 15-seconds trial using a SEMG K7, while the subjects maintained rest dental position. RESULTS/STATISTICS: Both groups presented a significative correlation between value of lateral-deviation and the degree of ocular-extrinsic muscular tone disorders (r=0.69). In addition, a significant statistical increase of EMG activity at rest with eyes open in both groups was observed in the anterior temporal left and right. A significant decrease of EMG activity with open eyes was observed only with ocular correction upon electromyographic control (study group). The findings, expressed as Symmetry Index, showed a significant increase of muscles imbalance right/left with conventional methods of ocular correction (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: The significant worsening in EMG activity, mainly observed with conventional corrective lenses, could have an important consequence in clinical diagnostic and therapeutic behaviour because anterior temporal muscles are important in postural position of the mandible. Instead EMG corrective lenses could improve tonus and balance of stomatognathic muscles and, therefore, support the functionality of orthodontic treatment. Moreover, the data suggest an interesting new tool in order to reach an interdisciplinary approach to complex growth disorders represented by functional lateral deviation of mandible and ocular-extrinsic muscular tone disorders.

Child↗
PubMed2006

Oral hygiene habits and attitudes in a school population in L'Aquila (Italy).

AIM: This study aims to analyse the results of a questionnaire submitted to students of the elementary schools in L'Aquila in order to understand their awareness of a correct caries prevention method by using fluoride. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 4th and 5th grade students of elementary schools in L'Aquila were submitted to a questionnaire; from a total of 1205 students, age ranging from 8 to 12, 1094 were questioned; 7 children 8 years old, 282 of 9, 555 of 10, 243 of 11, 8 of 12, and only 2 of 13, respectively (the last 2 were registered later at school because non-EU citizens). RESULTS: Among the Italian population with a low incidence of dental decay, a relatively limited group, called 'high risk decay group', revealed a higher incidence of the pathology than the standard one. CONCLUSION: In a multiracial society, as ours, it is important to carry out an effective screening in order to recognize different categories of patients through simple questions inserted in the patient's case history.

Cariostatic Agents↗
PubMed2005

Some tools for the identification of high caries risk individuals. A review.

As a consequence of the polarisation of dental caries, which occurred over the last 3 decades in industrialised countries, the usefulness of risk assessment, both for individuals and for groups of subjects, became evident. At individual level, the early identification of high and medium caries-risk subjects allows to plan specific preventive measures for each subject's needs, based on the risk grade and the causally-directed diagnosis. At population level, risk assessment helps to increase the efficiency and to reduce the costs of caries preventive programmes. In this study, a review of caries-risk indicators is proposed: these indicators, collected through the analysis of relevant background data, clinical examination and salivary tests are indispensable to achieve a correct caries-risk assessment. A review of the studies on the attempts to produce prediction models for caries-risk assessment is presented: in view of the multifactorial nature of caries etiology and the complexity of the prediction of individual caries-risk, a multivariate approach is necessary. Finally, some suggestions on the clinical usefulness and on indications of caries-risk determination are given.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Multiple and relapsing supernumerary teeth associated to dens invaginatus. Review of the literature and case report.

The aim of this paper is to show problems related to supernumerary teeth therapy according to their formation and mineralization. The clinical case of an 11-year old boy suffering from alteration of the eruptive sequence of the upper incisor teeth caused by 2 supernumerary teeth in the premaxilla, is reported. What is interesting about this case is that after the surgical removal of the supernumerary teeth, with a radiographic examination taken 6 months later, 2 other supernumerary teeth were observed. The authors point out that while the clinical approach can be the same for different situations it is not possible to have the same approach for the surgical therapy which may be different from case to case.

Child↗
PubMed2004

Management of obstructive sleep apnoea in children with modified monobloc appliances.

AIM: This was to investigate the effect of the use of an orthodontic appliance in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in children using polysomnographic variables. METHODS: 10 boys and 10 girls with OSA aged between 4 to 8 years, referred from an otolaryngology clinic because of sleep apnoea, wore modified monobloc devices nightly for 6 months. Polysomnography was used for each patient for baseline diagnosis of OSA and also for post therapy assessment. RESULTS: The median obstructive apnoea- hypopnoea index decreased after 6 months of therapy with oral appliances. The mean (+/-SD) number of episodes of OSA was 7.88+/-1.81 before treatment and 3.66+/-6.80 after 6 months (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The modified monobloc appliance is suggested for use in children with OSA and may be an effective therapeutic alternative in children with mild to moderate OSA.

Body Mass Index↗
PubMed2004

Case report: severe infraocclusion ankylosis occurring in siblings.

AIM: This was to report a rare case of strong familiar tendency of ankylosis of maxillary second primary molars. CASE REPORT: Three Caucasian children, male twins of 8.5 years and a sister of 10 years, were diagnosed as having severely infraccluded maxillary second primary molars with underlying second premolars. In all three cases, the early extraction of the infraoccluded molars and an active treatment with cervical extraoral traction allowed the physiologic eruption of second premolars. Follow-up showed that normal vertical relationship and bone height had been obtained. CONCLUSION: Early diagnosis, as well as appropriate treatment and careful follow-up are very important in the presence of severe infraocclusion, when the marginal ridge of affected primary teeth is at or below gingival level.

Child↗
PubMed2003

Case report: two nasal floor compound odontomas associated with impacted maxillary incisor.

AIM: The purpose of this report is to describe the logical sequence of treatment in a case of a six year old caucasian female patient with two nasal floor compound odontomas, that delayed eruption of a maxillary permanent incisor. TREATMENT: The odontomas were surgically removed. However, as the maxillary incisor did not erupt spontaneously, after a suitable period of observation, an orthodontic treatment approach was adopted. This was to obtain an adequate space for the unerupted tooth and to move it to its normal position. CONCLUSION: Early diagnosis and surgical intervention of supernumeraries is therefore necessary and treatment of an impacted tooth may require an orthodontic appliance.

Child↗
PubMed2002

Nonlinear damping of plasma zonal flows excited by inverse spectral transfer.

Plasma zonal-flow excitation and saturation in fluid electron-drift-wave turbulence are studied spectrally. The zonal flow is a spectral condensation onto the zero-frequency linear-wave structure. In the representation diagonalizing the wave coupling that dominates interactions at long wavelengths, nonlinear triad interactions involving zero-frequency waves are greatly enhanced. Zonal modes are excited on both unstable and purely stable eigenmode branches. Coupling to the latter introduces robust, finite amplitude-induced damping of zonal flows, providing saturation.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Analytic lyapunov exponents in a classical nonlinear field equation

It is shown that the nonlinear wave equation partial differential(2)(t)straight phi- partial differential2xstraight phi-&mgr;(0) partial differential(x)( partial differential(x)straight phi)(3)=0, which is the continuum limit of the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam beta model, has a positive Lyapunov exponent lambda(1), whose analytic energy dependence is given. The result (a first example for field equations) is achieved by evaluating the lattice-spacing dependence of lambda(1) for the FPU model within the framework of a Riemannian description of Hamiltonian chaos. We also discuss a difficulty of the statistical mechanical treatment of this classical field system, which is absent in the dynamical description.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1994

Isolation of a lipid-soluble histamine release factor from human platelets.

We have isolated a histamine release factor from human platelet supernatants by heparin column chromatography, gel filtration and reversed phase HPLC. Fractions from each chromatographic step were assayed for histamine release factor activity (HRF). A peak of HRF activity was detected at a molecular mass of 60 kDa. Subsequent HPLC purification showed that the factor co-eluted with human serum albumin, but was totally extractable into the lipid phase. Comparison of biological activity with known basophil and eosinophil-activating hydroxyeicosanoids demonstrated similar activity with 5(S)-hydroperoxy-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid (5(S)-HPETE). The identification of this lipid soluble HRF demonstrates the novel potential role of an as yet unidentified lipid as an HRF, in the absence of priming stimuli.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

[3 different methods for evaluating Streptococcus mutans in the saliva].

Three different methods for detection and count of Streptococcus mutans in saliva have been compared with a microbiological method in order to estimate their efficacy and practicality. The study has been carried out on fifty children of six-eleven years old. The first method (stamp method) derives from that of Kohler and Bratthall, improved on the sampling, without saliva stimulation and, hence, more rapid. Furthermore, using a tongue depressor with a shovel-like extremity, we can either restrict the area where the grown colonies must be counted, avoiding any mistake, and stamp the spatula in the centre of the plate, not in the border, as the original method described, pressing it with the same force in every part, so that almost all the saliva collected can be plated on the Streptococcus mutans selective medium. As stated by this method, a tongue depressor is pressed first on the subject's tongue, then on a plate containing the medium. After incubation, the Streptococcus mutans colonies are counted on the plate's area limited by the stamp of the extremity of the spatula. According to Emilson we can also discriminate Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus colonies. The second method is a "strip mutans test" (Dentocult): saliva is stimulated making the subject chew a piece of paraffin and then it is collected passing a plastic spatula for ten times on the child's tongue. The spatula is introduced into a tube containing a liquid medium selective for Streptococcus mutans and then incubated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Bacteriological Techniques↗