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Biomedical subjects

R Gonda

Publications and source records attributed to R Gonda.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Arabinogalactan core structure and immunological activities of ukonan C, an acidic polysaccharide from the rhizome of Curcuma longa.

Controlled Smith degradation of ukonan C, a phagocytosis-activating polysaccharide isolated from the rhizome of Curcuma longa L., was performed. The reticuloendothelial system-potentiating, anti-complementary and alkaline phosphatase-inducing activities of ukonan C and its degradation products were investigated. Methylation analyses of the primary and secondary Smith degradation products and of a de-arabinosylated product indicated that structural features of the arabinogalactan core of ukonan C include a backbone chain composed of beta-1,3-linked D-galactose and beta-1,4-linked D-xylose. All of the galactose units in the backbone carry side chains composed of beta-1,6-linked D-galactosyl residues with or without terminal alpha-L-arabinose units at position 3. Ukonan C showed remarkable effects on both reticuloendothelial system-potentiating and alkaline phosphatase-inducing activities. Periodate oxidation caused a decrease in or disappearance of the immunological activities, but the controlled Smith degradation product having the arabinogalactan core structure of polysaccharide showed a pronounced effect on anti-complementary activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Characterization of a neutral polysaccharide having activity on the reticuloendothelial system from the rhizome of Curcuma longa.

A neutral polysaccharide, named ukonan D, was isolated from the rhizome of Curcuma longa L. It produced a single band on electrophoresis and a single peak on gel chromatography, and its molecular mass was estimated to be 28,000. It showed remarkable reticuloendothelial system-potentiating activity in a carbon clearance test. Ukonan D is composed of L-arabinose: D-galactose: D-glucose: D-mannose in the molar ratio of 1:1:12:0.2, in addition to small amounts of peptide moiety. Methylation analysis, carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance and enzymic degradation studies indicated that its structural features include mainly both alpha-1,5-linked L-arabino-beta-3,6-branched D-galactan type and alpha-4,6-branched D-glucan type structural units. The influence of degradation with alpha-amylase followed by the elimination of glucan side chains on its immunological activity was discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The core structure and immunological activities of glycyrrhizan UA, the main polysaccharide from the root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis.

The controlled Smith degradation and limited hydrolysis of glycyrrhizan UA, the main phagocytosis-activating polysaccharide isolated from the root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis FISCHER, was performed. The reticuloendothelial system-potentiating, anti-complementary and alkaline phosphatase-inducing activities of glycyrrhizan UA and its degradation products were investigated. Methylation analyses of primary, secondary and tertiary Smith degradation products and of the limited hydrolysis product indicated that the core structural features of glycyrrhizan UA include a backbone chain composed of beta-1,3-linked D-galactose. All of the galactose units in the backbone carry side chains composed of mainly alpha-1,5-linked L-arabino-beta-1,6- or 1,3-linked D-galactose residues at position 6. Removal of the arabinosyl side chains caused a pronounced decrease in immunological activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Constituents of the seed of Malva verticillata. VIII. Smith degradation of MVS-VI, the major acidic polysaccharide, and anti-complementary activity of products.

The controlled Smith degradation of MVS-VI, the major acidic polysaccharide having remarkable anti-complementary activity isolated from the seeds of Malva verticillata L., was performed. Methylation analysis of both the primary and the secondary Smith degradation products indicated that the core structural features of MVS-VI include a backbone chain composed of beta-1,3-linked D-galactose residues. The majority of galactose units in the backbone carry side chains composed of beta-1,3- and beta-1,6-linked D-galactosyl residues at position 6. The controlled Smith degradation products showed considerable anti-complementary activity.

Complement Inactivator Proteins↗
PubMed1992

An acidic polysaccharide having immunological activities from the rhizome of Cnidium officinale.

An acidic polysaccharide, designated as cnidirhan AG, was isolated from the rhizomes of Cnidium officinale Makino. It was homogeneous on electrophoresis and gel chromatography, and its molecular mass was estimated to be 5.1 x 10(4). It showed pronounced reticuloendothelial system-potentiating activity in a carbon clearance test, and had a remarkable effect on both anti-complementary and alkaline phosphatase-inducing activities. It is composed of L-arabinose: D-galactose: D-glucuronic acid in the molar ratio of 2:6:1, in addition to small amounts of O-acetyl groups. Methylation analysis, carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance, controlled Smith degradation and limited acid hydrolysis indicated that the core structural features of cnidirhan AG include a backbone chain composed of beta-1,3-linked D-galactose residues. Some of the galactose units in the backbone carry beta-D-galactosyl side chains at position 6. Both alpha-L-arabinosyl arabinose side chains and terminal beta-D-glucuronic acid residues are linked to the core galactan units.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1992

The core structure of ukonan A, a phagocytosis-activating polysaccharide from the rhizome of Curcuma longa, and immunological activities of degradation products.

The controlled Smith degradation of ukonan A, a phagocytosis-activating polysaccharide isolated from the rhizome of Curcuma longa L., was performed. The reticuloendothelial system-potentiating, anti-complementary and alkaline phosphatase-inducing activities of ukonan A and its degradation products were investigated. Methylation analyses of both the primary and the secondary Smith degradation products indicated that the core structural features of ukonan A include a backbone chain mainly composed of beta-1,3-linked D-galactose, beta-1,4-linked D-xylose and alpha-1,2-linked L-rhamnose residues. All of the galactose units in the backbone carry side chains composed of alpha-L-arabino-beta-D-galactosyl or beta-D-galactosyl residues at position 6. Ukonan A has a remarkable effect on each of the three kinds of immunological activities. Periodate oxidation caused pronounced decrease or disappearance of the activities, but the controlled Smith degradation product having the core structure of polysaccharide showed considerable restoration of these activities.

Carbohydrate Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Reticuloendothelial system-potentiating and alkaline phosphatase-inducing activities of Plantago-mucilage A, the main mucilage from the seed of Plantago asiatica, and its five modification products.

Five kinds of chemically modified products were prepared from Plantago-mucilage A, the representative mucous polysaccharide isolated from the seed of Plantago asiatica L., and their reticuloendothelial system-potentiating and alkaline phosphatase-inducing activities have been investigated. Both activities were markedly enhanced when the mucilage was de-O-acetylated. The products obtained by periodate oxidation, controlled Smith degradation, and partial acid hydrolysis under the two conditions were not effective. Structural features of the partial hydrolyzates were elucidated, and it was shown that these products lost all O-acetyl groups, all xylose branches and many hexuronosyl arabinose side chains.

Adhesives↗
PubMed1991

Characterization of a polysaccharide having activity on the reticuloendothelial system from the stolon of Glycyrrhiza glabra var. glandulifera.

An acidic polysaccharide, named glycyrrhizan GA, was isolated from the stolon of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. var. glandulifera Reg. et Herd. It produced a single band on electrophoresis and a single peak on gel chromatography, and its molecular mass was estimated to be 85,000. Glycyrrhizan GA is composed of L-arabinose: D-galactose: L-rhamnose: D-galacturonic acid: D-glucuronic acid in the molar ratio of 22:10:1:2:1, in addition to small amounts of O-acetyl groups. Part of the hexuronic acid residues exist as methyl esters. Methylation analysis, carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance and periodate oxidation studies indicated that its structural features include mainly alpha-arabino-beta-3,6-galactan type structural units. Glycyrrhizan GA showed remarkable reticuloendothelial system-potentiating activity in a carbon clearance test.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Constituents of seed of Malva verticillata. VII. Structural features and reticuloendothelial system-potentiating activity of MVS-I, the major neutral polysaccharide.

The structural features of MVS-I, the major neutral polysaccharide isolated from the seeds of Malva verticillata L., were elucidated by controlled Smith degradation, methylation analysis, partial acid hydrolysis and enzymic degradation studies. It has a backbone chain composed of beta-1,3-linked D-glucose and D-galactose residues having branches composed of alpha-1,5-linked L-arabinosyl beta-1,4-linked D-galactose and of beta-1,4-linked D-galactosyl beta-1,3-linked D-glucose residues at position 6 of a part of D-galactose units as side chains. MVS-I showed remarkable reticuloendothelial system-potentiating activity in a carbon clearance test.

Carbohydrate Sequence↗
PubMed1991

An acidic polysaccharide having activity on the reticuloendothelial system from the root of Astragalus mongholicus.

An acidic polysaccharide, designated as AMon-S, was isolated from the roots of Astragalus mongholicus BUNGE. It was homogeneous on electrophoresis and gel chromatography, and its molecular mass was estimated to be 7.6 x 10(4). It showed significant reticuloendothelial system-potentiating activity in a carbon clearance test. It is composed of L-arabinose: D-galactose: D-galacturonic acid: D-glucuronic acid in the molar ratio of 18:18:1:1, in addition to small amounts of O-acetyl groups and peptide moiety. A part of the hexuronic acid residues exist as the methyl esters. Methylation analysis, carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance and periodate oxidation studies enabled elucidation of its structural features and revealed mainly alpha-arabino-beta-3,6-galactan type structural units.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Structure and anticomplementary activity of an acidic polysaccharide from the leaves of Malva sylvestris var. mauritiana.

A main acidic polysaccharide preparation was isolated from the leaves of Malva sylvestris L. var mauritiana Mill. It is composed of L-rhamnose, D-galactose, D-galacturonic acid, and D-glucuronic acid in the molar ratio of 22:6:22:11, and it contains 7.7% peptide. It was homogeneous by electrophoresis and gel chromatography, which gave a value of 11,000 as molecular weight. The structure of the polysaccharide component was elucidated by methylation analysis and partial hydrolysis. The substance showed considerable anticomplementary activity.

Carbohydrate Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Characterization of an acidic polysaccharide from the seeds of Malva verticillata stimulating the phagocytic activity of cells of the RES.

An acidic polysaccharide, designated as MVS-IVA, was isolated from the seeds of Malva verticillata. It showed a remarkable reticuloendothelial system potentiating activity in the carbon clearance test. Chemical and spectroscopic studies demonstrated that the polysaccharide is rich in alpha-L-arabinofuranose residues and possesses mainly an alpha-1,5-linked L-arabino-beta-3,6-branched-D-galactan structure accompanied with rhamnogalacturonan type units. Both alpha-1,3-linked L-arabinopyranose and beta-1,4-linked D-xylopyranose residues were also identified as component units. MVS-IVA contains a small amount of protein (3.3%).

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Anti-complementary and hypoglycemic activities of the glycans from the seeds of Malva verticillata.

Seven polysaccharides and peptidoglycans obtained from the seeds of Malva verticillata were tested for anti-complementary activity. Remarkable activities were observed for MVS-I and MVS-IIA. The former is mainly composed of beta-1,3-linked D-glucan and of alpha-1,5-linked L-arabino-beta-3,6-branched D-galactan, and the latter is essentially alpha-1,5-linked L-arabino-beta-3,6-branched D-galactan. Further, considerable activities were observed for MVS-IIIA and MVS-IVA. Both glycans possess arabino-3,6-galactan moieties accompanying alpha-1,3-linked L-arabinopyranosyl, beta-1,4-linked D-xylosyl, and alpha-1,4-linked D-galacturonic acid units. In addition, the major neutral polysaccharide (MVS-I), the major peptidoglycan (MVS-V), and the polysaccharide-rich fraction (MVS-V-CH) obtained from MVS-V were tested for hypoglycemic activity. MVS-I especially showed remarkable activity, and MVS-V-CH also exhibited significant activity. From the viewpoint of structural features, the latter belongs to pectic substances.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Characterization of two polysaccharides having activity on the reticuloendothelial system from the root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis.

Two polysaccharides, called glycyrrhizans UA and UB, were isolated from the root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer. They were homogeneous on electrophoresis and gel chromatography, and showed reticuloendothelial system-potentiating activity in a carbon clearance test. Glycyrrhizan UA is composed of L-arabinose: D-galactose: L-rhamnose: D-galacturonic acid in the molar ratio of 20:14:1:3, and glycyrrhizan UB is composed of L-arabinose: D-galactose: D-glucose: L-rhamnose: D-galacturonic acid in the molar ratio of 12:10:1:10:20, in addition to small amounts of O-acetyl groups and peptide moiety, respectively. About 10% (glycyrrhizan UA) and 35% (glycyrrhizan UB) of the D-galacturonic acid residues exist as the methyl esters. Methylation analysis, carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance and periodate oxidation studies indicated their structural features.

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel↗
PubMed1990

Constituents of the seed of Malva verticillata. VI. Characterization and immunological activities of a novel acidic polysaccharide.

A novel acidic polysaccharide, designated as MVS-VI, was isolated from the seeds of Malva verticillata L. It was homogeneous on electrophoresis and gel chromatography, and its molecular mass was estimated to be 26000. It is composed of L-arabinose: D-xylose: D-galactose: D-glucose: L-rhamnose: D-galacturonic acid in the molar ratio of 30: 15: 20: 3: 2: 10, in addition to small amounts of peptide moiety. Methylation analysis, carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance and periodate oxidation studies indicated its structural features to have mainly acidic alpha-arabino-3,6-beta-galactan type structural units. MVS-VI showed significant reticuloendothelial system-potentiating activity in a carbon clearance test, and it possesses remarkable anti-complementary activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

A novel neutral polysaccharide having activity on the reticuloendothelial system from the root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis.

A neutral polysaccharide, named glycyrrhizan UC, was isolated from the root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer. It was homogeneous on electrophoresis and gel chromatography, and its molecular mass was estimated to be 69,000. Glycyrrhizan UC is composed of L-arabinose:D-galactose:D-glucose:L-rhamnose in the molar ratio of 10:30 27:1. Methylation analysis, carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance and periodate oxidation studies indicated its structural feature as an arabino-3,6-galacto-glucan type polysaccharide.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Characterization of polysaccharides having activity on the reticuloendothelial system from the rhizome of Curcuma longa.

Three polysaccharides, named ukonan A, ukonan B and ukonan C, were isolated from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa L. They were homogeneous on electrophoresis and gel chromatography, and showed remarkable reticuloendothelial system-potentiating activity in a carbon clearance test. They are composed of L-arabinose: D-xylose: D-galactose: D-glucose: L-rhamnose: D-galacturonic acid in the molar ratios of 12:4:12:1:4:10 (ukonan A), 12:4:12:1:2:4 (ukonan B) and 8:3:6:14:2:3 (ukonan C), in addition to small amounts of peptide moiety. Methylation analysis, carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance and periodate oxidation studies indicated the structural features of ukonan B, the major one in terms of the activity. It has acidic arabino-galactan type structural units.

Animals↗