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Biomedical subjects

R Goodman

Publications and source records attributed to R Goodman.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Growth factor dependence of pheochromocytoma cells in chemically defined medium.

We have previously described the isolation of a clonal pheochromocytoma cell line (PC-G2) which responds to nerve growth factor (NGF) [Goodman and Herschman, 1978] and epidermal growth factor (EGF) [Goodman et al, 1980] with increased specific activity of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). This cell line thus can be used for studies of induction of a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of catecholamines using a homogeneous cell population under controlled environmental influences. However, the need for serum in the culture medium used to grow these cells still introduced a lack of total environmental control. Several laboratories have circumvented this problem by growing cells in chemically defined medium. In the present report we demonstrate that with a modification PC-G2 cells can survive and grow in the chemically defined N3 medium devised by Bottenstein and Sato [1979]. While another pheochromocytoma cell line, PC-12, was shown to grow in N3 medium without any supplement [Bottenstein et al, 1979], the PC-G2 cells exhibit an absolute requirement for NGF or EGF in order to grow in this chemically defined medium. As was the case in the induction of TH in serum-containing medium [Goodman and Herschman, 1978; Goodman et al. 1980], EGF was found to be 100 times more potent than NGF in the support of growth of the PC-G2 cells. In the present report we demonstrate not only that either of these growth factors will support the growth of the PC-G2 cells, but also that the relative potency of these two factors for support of the cell growth is similar to their relative potencies in the induction of tyrosine hydroxylase in serum-containing medium.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

The biology of SAA: identification of the inducer, in vitro synthesis, and heterogeneity demonstrated with monoclonal antibodies.

Continued studies of the macrophage-derived mediator of SAA synthesis (SAA Stimulating Factor) confirm our previous observations that SAASF copurified with leukocytic pyrogen (LP) and lymphocyte activating factor (LAF). Moreover, new data demonstrate three separate isoelectric points for human LP-LAF-SAASF each of which possess the three biological activities. During the purification of 15,000 MW LP from crude stimulated mononuclear cell supernatants, only those fractions with pyrogenic activity in rabbits caused augmented stimulation of lymphocytes (LAF) and induced SAA synthesis in mice. Purified human LP stimulated isolated mouse hepatocytes in vitro to synthesize SAA in a dose-responsive manner. Colchicine treatment of hepatocytes led to decreased secretion of SAA into the medium and to an intracellular accumulation of SAA. Messenger RNA was isolated from the livers of endotoxin-stimulated mice and translated in a wheat-germ cell-free system. A major product was identified at 13-14,000 MW. Immunoprecipitation with anti-mouse AA identified several bands on autoradiography of polyacrylamide gels. These larger SAA precursors may account for the previously noted heterogeneity of human SAA, comprising at least 6 SAA isomers, of similar molecular weight but different solubility and electrophoretic charge characteristics. Two monoclonal antibodies (IgM-K and IgG1-K) have been prepared using standard cell hybridization techniques. They are directed at the variable COOH terminal region of SAA since they detect differences between the 6 human SAAs but do not react with human, monkey, dog or mouse AA proteins, human AP, C-reactive protein, IgG nor albumin. These antibodies will be useful in examining the origin, structure and function of SAA.

Amyloid↗
PubMed1981

Biochemical screening for inherited metabolic disorders in the mentally retarded.

A biochemical screening programme for the detection of inherited metabolic disease was carried out on urine and blood samples from inmates of the Alexandra Institute for the mentally retarded, Cape Town. Of the 1087 patients screened, positive results for phenylketonuria were obtained in 3, for cystinuria in 2 and for Hartnup disease in 1. The overall frequency of metabolic disorders was 0,6%. It is evident that genetic metabolic disease as detected by current screening procedures makes only a small contribution to the overall burden of mental retardation.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Premalignant lymphoid hyperplasia preceding and coexisting with malignant lymphoma in the skin.

A primary malignant lymphoma of the skin had concurrent and antecedent lesions showing histologic changes of completely benign lymphoid hyperplasia. The malignant lymphoma itself evolved during a few years, although specimens from repeated biopsies had previously exhibited benign lymphoid hyperplasia. We urge that persistent benign lymphoid hyperplasia in its many clinical forms in the skin be recognized as a long-term premalignant lesion. Awareness of such a continuum of benign to malignant change aids in the interpretation of the histologic findings in these growths and alerts the clinician to the need for years of careful surveillance. Histologic assessment should indicate whether the specimen shows benign, indeterminate, or malignant change.

Female↗
PubMed1981

Isolation of a Factor from Apple that Agglutinates Erwinia amylovora.

Extracts prepared from apple seeds contain a factor (AF) capable of agglutinating cells of Erwinia amylovora. In drop agglutination tests, AF is more active in agglutinating an avirulent, acapsular strain of E. amylovora than a virulent, capsular strain. AF precipitates in agar plates with a receptor derived from boiled cells of avirulent acapsular strain and, therefore, can be located during fractionation by rocket electrophoresis. AF was heat-stable and had a pH optimum for agglutination near congruent with3.6 pH. The agglutination activity was not affected by the presence of Mg(2+), Ca(2+), or EDTA. AF was separated into two fractions (AF I and AF II) by elution from a Bio-Gel P-100 column. The precipitin and agglutination activities associated with AF II were found to be present in a positively charged molecule which was sensitive to treatment with protease and trypsin and, hence, presumably resides in a protein. The approximate molecular weight of AF II was determined to be 12,600 daltons. Besides precipitating the receptor derived from cells of avirulent acapsular strain, AF II was capable of precipitating extracellular polysaccharide from cultures of virulent capsular strain, sodium polygalacturonate, and carboxymethylcellulose. These three polymers also inhibited the agglutination activity associated with AF II. AF II could be replaced by poly-l-lysines in both the precipitin and agglutination assays. In addition, in antigen absorption experiments, poly-l-lysines were found to remove the receptors for AF II from the boiled extracts of avirulent acapsular strain. Based on these observations, it is proposed that the activity of AF II resides in a highly positively charged protein which causes agglutination of bacterial cells by interacting on a charge-charge basis with negatively charged components on the surface of the bacterial cells.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1980

Epidermal growth factor induces tyrosine hydroxylase in a clonal pheochromocytoma cell line, PC-G2.

We have previously described the isolation of a clonal cell line (PC-G2) in which the level of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of the catecholamine neurotransmitters, is induced by nerve growth factor (NGF). We now report that epidermal growth factor (EGF) also induces TH in the PC-G2 cell line. Although EGF has been shown to be mitogenic for many cultured cells, no neuronal function has been previously reported for this protein. The TH response to EGF is elicited in a dose-dependent fashion at concentrations as low as 0.1 ng/ml and is maximal at 10 ng/ml EGF. The maximal response is observed after 3--4 d of exposure to 10 ng/ml EGF. The induction by NGF and EGF is inhibited by their respective antisera. Dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid which we have previously shown modulates the response of PC-G2 cells to NGF, also modulates the TH induction elicited by EGF.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Irradiation as the primary management of stage I and II adenocarcinoma of the breast: analysis of the RTOG breast registry.

The radiation therapy oncology group, a 36-member national study group, has collected, by means of a registry, 234 patients treated with primary irradiation for UICC Stage I and II adenocarcinoma of the breast. Analysis of these patients has revealed a 5-year actuarial survival rate of 83% for Stage I and 68% for Stage II. The local-regional failure rate for all 234 patients was 8.5% (20/234), and 16.6% (17/102) for those patients followed for a minimum of 3 years. The local failure rate for T1 tumors was negligible, being 1.7% (2/117), regardless of whether or not complete excision of tumor was performed prior to irradiation. For T2 tumors, the local failure rate was 9.7% (9/93) if there was preirradiation tumor excision, but increased to 29.2% (7/24) if the preirradiation surgery was limited to incisional or needle biopsy only. There were six severe complications (2.6%), and all of these were cases of breast fibrosis. There were 14 other complications but these were judged to be of only mild to moderate severity. Eighty-four percent of the patients had an acceptable cosmetic result with either no difference or only a mild to moderate difference between the treated and untreated breast.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

An evaluation of total nodal irradiation as treatment for stage III A Hodgkin's disease.

Between April 1969 and December 1974, 37 patients with surgically staged III A Hodgkin's disease were treated with total nodal irradiation (TNI). Their probability of relapse-free survival at 7 years is 51% and overall survival 82% with the majority of patients remaining disease free after retreatment with MOPP (10 of 16). In contrast, 21 stage III B patients treated with TNI and MOPP chemotherapy over the same time period have a relapse-free survival of 74% and overall survival of 91%. Because of superior results in treating stage III B patients with combined modality treatment, we fell that a relapse-free survival of 51% may not justify continuation of TNI as the only modality of treatment for patients with stage III A disease, and we have initiated a trial of combined radiation therapy and MOPP chemotherapy in these patients. The most effective treatment of stage III A Hodgkin's disease, however, remains uncertain and depends both on the ultimate risk of combined modality treatment and the success of retreatment following relapse after radiation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The significance of mediastinal involvement in early stage Hodgkin's disease.

Between April 1969, and December 1974, 111 consecutive surgically staged I A and II A patients with supradiaphragmatic Hodgkin's disease were treated at the Joint Center for Radiation Therapy. Patients received 3600--4400 rad to mantle and para-aortic--splenic pedicle regions. Median follow-up was 56 months (30--96). Fourteen patients developed relapsing Hodgkin's disease and three patients died of possible treatment-related causes, two with acute myocardial infarctions and one with radiation pneumonitis. Patients with mediastinal enlargement greater than one third of the chest diameter have a significantly higher risk (p less than 0.01) of developing relapse (9 of 18) than patients with lesser or no mediastinal disease (5 of 93). Of the 18 patients with large mediastinal disease, six relapsed in the mediastinum and two in the lung. There continue to be no pelvic extensions in the entire group. There is a 92% relapse-free and 97% overall survival in the 93 patients without extensive mediastinal disease. We continue to recommend mantle and para-aortic--splenic pedicle irradiation for these patients. In view of the large number of relapses in patients with extensive mediastinal disease, we are now treating this subgroup of patients with MOPP chemotherapy in addition to mantle and para-aortic irradiation.

Adolescent↗