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Biomedical subjects

R Gregory

Publications and source records attributed to R Gregory.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Laser blepharoplasty.

Laser blepharoplasty was introduced in 1984 by Sterling Baker and although there are few disadvantages, several advantages as compared to traditional blepharoplasty have been assessed. These advantages include an improved scar, a shorter operating time, and a more rapid recovery time in most patients. Methods include laser resurfacing of the periorbital area or full face with excision of the upper eyelid skin and fat, as well as excision of the lower eyelid fat through a transconjunctival incision alleviating the need for a lower eyelid scar. In some cases, an upper eyelid excision may not be necessary following resurfacing of this area. Excellent results have been achieved in over 150 cases with comparisons of scarring in scalpel versus laser incisions.

Blepharoplasty↗
PubMed1996

Peculiar qualia.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Cognition↗
PubMed1996

The post-irradiation lower motor neuron syndrome neuronopathy or radiculopathy?

It is not known whether the post-irradiation lower motor neuron syndrome results from radiation damage to motor neuron cell bodies or from damage to the nerve roots of the cauda equina. We studied six cases who had presented with testicular neoplasms, subsequently undergoing irradiation that encompassed inter alia para-aortic nodes with co-irradiation of the distal spinal cord and cauda equina. A predominantly motor disorder affecting the legs ensued after variable and often prolonged latencies (3-25 years). However, all patients also developed mild sensory features either initially or on prolonged follow-up. Sural sensory nerve action potentials (SNAPs) were normal in five. Mild sphincter symptoms occurred in three of five surviving cases after a mean of 7.9 years. MRI showed gadolinium enhancement of the cauda equina in two of three patients. The first reported neuropathological study, uncomplicated by metastatic disease, of the conus and cauda equina was performed in one patient who died. This showed a radiation-induced vasculopathy of the proximal spinal roots, with preservation of motor neuronal cell bodies and spinal cord architecture. These clinical, radiological, neurophysiological and pathological findings all point to a predominantly, but not exclusively, motor radiculopathy affecting the irradiated portion of the cauda equina proximal to the dorsal root ganglia. Radiation exposure exceeded 40 Gy both in our series and in previous reports. The natural history of this disorder is one of relentless deterioration occasionally punctuated by 1-2-year periods of stability. Post-irradiation lumbosacral radiculopathy is a more accurate name for this condition.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

p53 gene therapy in vivo of herpatocellular and liver metastatic colorectal cancer.

Tumor suppressor genes such as p53 contribute to the oncogenic process via loss-of-function mechanisms such as genetic mutation or complex formation with other cellular or viral proteins. p53 is mutated in approximately 50% of human tumors and has an important role in the genesis or progression of both colorectal and hepatocellular cancers. Colorectal cancer is leading cause of cancer mortality in the United States, whereas hepatocellular cancer is the leading worldwide cause of cancer death; the liver is a primary site of morbidity in both diseases. Because systemic tumor suppressor gene therapy is currently not feasible, we have chosen to develop a regional form of such therapy directed at primary or metastatic liver neoplasms. Gene replacement therapy with p53 is a promising new strategy to treat advanced human cancers.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1995

Progressive myoclonic ataxia associated with coeliac disease. The myoclonus is of cortical origin, but the pathology is in the cerebellum.

We report four patients with a progressive myoclonic ataxic syndrome and associated coeliac disease. The onset of the neurological syndrome followed the gastrointestinal and other manifestations of coeliac disease while on a gluten-free diet, in the absence of overt features of malabsorption or nutritional deficiency. The condition progressed despite strict adherence to diet. The neurological syndrome was dominated by action and stimulus sensitive myoclonus of cortical origin with mild ataxia and infrequent seizures. Plasmapharesis and immunosuppressive treatment were tried in two patients but were not beneficial. Post-mortem examination of the brain in one case showed selective symmetrical atrophy of the cerebellar hemispheres with Purkinje cell loss and Bergmann astrocytosis, and with preservation of the cerebral hemispheres and brainstem. Coeliac disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of all patients presenting with a progressive myoclonic ataxic syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension.

The clinical features and radiological appearances of spontaneous intracranial hypotension are described in three patients and the medical literature is reviewed. Awareness of this condition and its differentiation from more sinister meningitic processes is important to avoid unnecessary invasive investigations and to allow prompt diagnosis and effective treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Excessive secretion of insulin precursors characterizes and predicts gestational diabetes.

Using assays that specifically measure insulin, intact proinsulin, and 32,33 split proinsulin, we examined the beta-cell secretory response to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in 64 women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and 154 pregnant normoglycemic control subjects of comparable age and body mass index. Women with GDM were characterized by a lower 30-min insulin increment (40.8 [34.9-47.6] vs. 58.6 [53.6-64] pmol insulin/mmol glucose, P < 0.001; geometric mean [95% confidence interval]) and a higher plasma insulin level at 120 min (702 [610-808] vs. 444 [400-492] pmol/l, P < 0.001). 32,33 split proinsulin levels were elevated in GDM patients in both fasting (9.1 [7.3-11.4] vs. 6.7 [6.0-7.5] pmol/l, P < 0.02) and 120-min (75.2 [62.9-90.0] vs. 52.2 [46.7-58.3] pmol/l, P < 0.001) samples, respectively. Intact proinsulin levels were significantly elevated at 120 min in the women with GDM (21.3 [18.1-25.1] vs. 14.8 [13.4-16.3] pmol/l, P < 0.001). Thus, the qualitative abnormalities of insulin secretion in GDM patients (low 30-min insulin increment, high 120-min plasma insulin, and elevated 32,33 split proinsulin) are similar to those seen in nonpregnant subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. To determine whether measures of proinsulin-like molecules (PLMs) might assist in the prediction of GDM, women who had a 1-h glucose level of > 7.7 mmol/l after a 50-g glucose challenge at 28-32 weeks' gestation had insulin and PLMs measured in the 1-h sample.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Role of basal lamina in Schwann cell glycolipid biosynthesis.

Schwann cells that are deprived of axonal contact switch their glycolipid metabolic pathway from primarily galactocerebroside (GalCe) synthesis to the formation of glucocerebroside (GlcCe) and its homologs. The removal of axonal influence has a dual effect on Schwann cell phenotype; they lose the ability to assemble both myelin and basement membrane. To determine whether a loss of basement membrane directly affects glycolipid expression, we have examined lipid biosynthesis in Schwann cells which were allowed to interact with axons of dorsal root ganglion neurons but which were deprived of the ability to assemble basal lamina. These Schwann cells resemble those from myelinating nerve in that they synthesize a large amount of galactohydroxycerebroside. This suggests that axon contact, even in the absence of basement membrane, is sufficient to induce the GalCe metabolic pathway.

Animals↗