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Biomedical subjects

R Grimson

Publications and source records attributed to R Grimson.

43 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Disseminated abnormalities of cardiovascular autonomic functions in multiple sclerosis.

To determine whether patients with MS had abnormalities of autonomic cardiovascular functions, we evaluated 22 MS patients and 20 control subjects with a battery of six standardized tests. The two groups differed on three tests: heart rate and blood pressure responses to standing, and the cold-face test. One-half of the MS patients had abnormalities on two or more tests, but individual patients showed diverse abnormality patterns. Abnormalities of neural cardiovascular regulation are frequent in MS patients and show a heterogeneous pattern, consistent with scattered plaques.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Plasma selenium and skin neoplasms: a case-control study.

Although experimental studies in animals show that selenium may prevent cancer, case-control studies of internal human cancers have been difficult to interpret because neoplastic tissue sequesters selenium. We therefore conducted a case-control study to examine the association between plasma selenium level and skin cancer, a neoplasm with minimal tumor mass at the time of diagnosis. The mean selenium level among patients with either basal cell epithelioma (N = 142), squamous cell carcinoma (N = 48), or both (N = 50), was 0.141 micrograms/g. This was significantly lower than the mean plasma selenium level of the 103 control subjects, which was 0.155 micrograms/g. The noncancer control groups were drawn from current clinic patients and past clinic patients. The logistic estimate of the odds ratio for the lowest versus the highest decile of selenium for all cases combined versus the group of current patient controls was 4.39; for all cases combined versus the past patient controls, the logistic estimate of the odds ratio was 5.81.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Realistic power simulations compare point- and area-based disease cluster tests.

One can roughly divide disease cluster tests into area-based (using regional data) and point-based (using exact locations). We have compared the power of two area-based methods (Moran's I and I* (pop), a new method) to that of two point-based methods (the Cuzick-Edwards test and Grimson's test), using three realistic simulations of disease (fox rabies in England, childhood leukaemia in North Humberside, England, and Lyme disease in Georgia). The naive belief that point-based methods should be better is not supported: for the complex data simulated here, I* (pop) and the Cuzick-Edwards test had higher power than Grimson's method or Moran's I. I* (pop) capitalizes on high inter-region variability, while Moran's I cannot.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Estrogen receptor determination in fine needle aspirates of the breast. Correlation with histologic grade and comparison with biochemical analysis.

Material obtained by fine needle aspiration (FNA) of 25 surgically removed breast carcinomas was tested for the immunocytochemical localization of estrogen receptor (ER) using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method and a monoclonal antibody developed against human breast cancer ER. The results were compared to those obtained by the conventional biochemical analysis of cytosol protein. A semiquantitative relationship between the immunoperoxidase stain and the biochemical analysis suggests that cases in which greater than 70% of the cells stain and in which intense staining is present are likely to contain ER in a concentration of greater than 250 fmol/mg of cytosol. Less than 15% stained cells and an absence of intense staining is indicative of a concentration of less than 10 fmol/mg. In only one case was there a significant difference in positivity between the two methods, possibly as a result of a functional heterogeneity of the tumor cell population. Intense staining is strongly suggestive of a tumor of low histologic grade and was never seen in tumors with a high histologic grade or nuclear grade. The immunoperoxidase method of ER detection on material obtained by FNA is a semiquantitative means of selecting patients with breast cancer who are likely to respond to hormonal therapy. The method overcomes many important disadvantages of cytosol analysis and provides clinically significant information regarding the ER content and the degree of tumor differentiation.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cardiovascular and respiratory consequences of tension pneumothorax.

The physiologic responses to acute pneumothorax were investigated in awake, standing sheep. Pleural pressure (Ppl) was raised in graded increments by injecting air from a 500 ml syringe into the pleural cavity of eight sheep to produce pneumothorax volumes of 0, 17, 35 and 45 ml.kg-1. At the maximum value of 45 ml.kg-1 (approximately equal to 1,400 ml), Ppl at end-expiration was raised to 10 +/- 2 mmHg (mean +/- SD) whereas end-inspiratory Ppl remained negative in half the sheep as the result of increased thoracic pressure swings. The most striking haemodynamic impairment was a 22% fall in stroke volume. Cardiac output, however, remained fixed at baseline values as a result of a 28% rise in heart rate. Although hypotension has been commonly held as a consequence of severe pneumothorax, mean systemic arterial pressure increased, rising by 19% in the entire group at the maximal pneumothorax tolerated. Pulmonary gas exchange was significantly disrupted by pneumothorax, as indicated by both a 40% fall in Pao2 and a 19% reduction in arterial oxygen content. Despite a reduction in tidal volume, the sheep initially remained eucapnic by generating an increased respiratory rate and slightly increasing minute-ventilation. However, at pneumothorax volumes of 45 ml X kg-1, the sheep were no longer able to sustain minute-ventilation and a small rise in PaCO2 followed. The reduced arterial oxygen content and the fixed cardiac output led to a progressive reduction in systemic oxygen transport.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acute Disease↗