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Biomedical subjects

R Grubb

Publications and source records attributed to R Grubb.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Determination of homozygosity or heterozygosity for the G2m(n) allotype by a monoclonal, precipitating antibody.

Monoclonal antibody SH 21 was found to be a good anti-IgG2m(n) reagent both for the conventional typing (HA inhibition) and for precipitation in polyethylene glycol containing gel. Antibody SH 21, together with monoclonal antibody HP 6014 (anti-IgG2), was used for the discrimination between G2m(+n) homozygotes and heterozygotes in a double diffusion assay, where the two antibodies and a serum sample were placed in corners of a triangle. In the case of a homozygote SH 21 was able to stop the diffusion of IgG2 to a precipitation line, but some IgG2 of a heterozygote was able to diffuse beyond the precipitate, forming a crossed precipitation pattern. The validity of the typing was checked with serum samples from 54 families. All the 33 'obligatory heterozygotes' (G2m(+n) parent(s) of a G2m(-n) child, or the other way round) exhibited the crossed precipitate. The frequency of the G2mn allele in a Finnish population of 297 unrelated adults was 0.409.

Alleles↗
PubMed1989

On the origin of antibodies to immunoglobulin genetic markers in rheumatoid arthritis. An outline of a novel concept of the nature of rheumatoid arthritis--transduction in man.

Anti-Gm's in rheumatoid arthritis patients detect products of the Mendelian genes G1ma, G1mx, G3mb, G3mc, G3mg, G3mst. Commonly, these anti-Gm's are specific for other individuals immunoglobulin allotypes. Reasons are given for the contention that such anti-Gm's in patients with rheumatoid arthritis are indicative of the expression of nonnominal allotypes, the genes for which have been transferred from one individual to another by means of a B cell virus. This process - akin to transduction and occurring after the tolerance induction period - may lead to a chimaeric state of the B cell compartment in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Special features of Ig gene regulation in normal B cell progression are allelic exclusion and the excision-expulsion-rejoining of DNA segments. Perturbation of B cell regulation by external genomes may be favoured by allelic exclusion. The DNA excision-rejoining processes may have consequences for concomitant (viral) nucleic acid assembly, particularly for viruses sharing nucleotide sequences with the Ig switch regions.

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic↗
PubMed1989

Immunoglobulin allotypes are normally distributed in Swedish AIDS patients.

Immunoglobulin allotypes G1m(a), G1m(x), G3m(b) and Km(1) were determined in 83 Swedish AIDS patients. Twenty of the patients had Kaposi's sarcoma and 29 had Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. The distribution of the Gm and Km allotypes did not significantly differ between these different disease categories and the general Swedish population.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

Incidence of anti-human Ig with restricted specificity in Japanese, Kuwaiti, and Swedish patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Assuming that anti-allotypic anti-Ig in rheumatoid arthritis is stimulated by the individual's allotype, it would be reasonable to expect a higher incidence of anti-G1m(a) in individuals carrying G1m(a). There is marked divergence among various populations in allotype frequencies. G1m(a) allotype and the prevalence of anti-Ig reactive with G1m(a) Ig were determined in 18 Kuwaiti, 23 Japanese, and 41 Swedish rheumatoid arthritis patients. An inverse relationship was observed between the frequency distribution of allotype G1m(a) and anti-allotype; thus, the stimulus for the anti-allotype is not the patient's own allotype.

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic↗
PubMed1988

The Gm system. Anti-Gm's: characteristics in rheumatoid arthritis; experimental induction without resort to allotype; frequent occurrence in mononucleosis.

UNLABELLED: Gm system: Some RFs specifically detect Mendelian markers of human Ig, originally proving that Ig production is gene controlled. The genetic marker systems of human Ig with 17 Gm, 2 Am, 3 Km and 1 Em markers are briefly described. Examples of the usefulness of the Gm system in medicine, immunology and molecular biology are mentioned. CONCLUSIONS: 1. Some RFs have been essential tools in elucidating genetic control mechanisms in Ig production. 2. Knowledge of the Gm system is extensive. Anti-Gm's: High-titered anti-Gm's are common in R.A. The anti-allotypes in R.A. are markedly restricted as to their specificity. They are usually not directed against the individuals own Gm markers. Anti-human-immunoglobulins were observed in 12 of 18 sera from patients with mononucleosis. The majority of these anti-immunoglobulins were inhibitable by native human Ig and showed restricted specificity. CONCLUSIONS: 1. There is a strong stimulus for production of particular anti-Gm's in a majority of R.A. cases. 2. Notions of an autoimmune origin for many anti-Gm's in R.A. are not in obvious agreement with experimental observations. 3. Anti-human-Ig's with restricted specificity are commonly induced in mononucleosis.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1987

Failure of doxycycline treatment in aquarium-associated Mycobacterium marinum infections.

Two cases of aquarium-associated Mycobacterium marinum infections are described. Neither was cured by the initial therapy consisting of surgical excision followed by doxycycline treatment. Both strains of M. marinum were shown to be resistant to doxycycline. In one patient the lesions were subsequently healed with cotrimoxazole. The other patient, a 12-year-old girl with sporotrichoid spread of the lesions on the lower arm, failed to respond satisfactorily to a combination of rifampicin and ethambutol despite favourable effect in vitro of both drugs. Nine months after the initial treatment, the infection was finally cured with renewed surgery followed by additional chemotherapy with rifampicin and ethambutol. No signs of immunological disorder could be detected in the patient. Increased awareness of the possibility of tetracycline resistance of M. marinum is advocated. A combination of adequate chemotherapy and surgical intervention may be required at least in complicated cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Correlation between deficiency of immunoglobulin subclass G3 and Gm allotype.

Gm allotypes were investigated in 63 Swedes: 46 females and 17 males, in whom serum IgG3 was below 0.35 g/l. Both monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal antisera were used for the quantification. Concentrations of the other IgG subclasses were within the age-related normal ranges. The distribution of the IgG1 genetic markers G1m(a,x,f) differed markedly from that observed in normal Swedes (p less than 0.001). Thus G1m(a) was present in 60 subjects as compared to an expected 36, and phenotype G1m(-f) in 34 subjects as against an expected 8. The mean IgG3 concentration was numerically lower in the G1m(-f) group than in the G1m(+f) cohort, and individuals with IgG3 levels 0.10 g/l were more frequent in the G1m(-f) group. Among Caucasians, G3mg is in linkage disequilibrium with G1ma and our interpretations is that the haplotype G1ma;ax G2m-n G3mg is markedly increased in individuals with IgG3 deficiency.

Dysgammaglobulinemia↗
PubMed1986

Familial occurrence of cervical cancer, stages 0-IV.

All patients hospitalized in 1982 at the Department of Gynecology in Malmö because of malignancy of the cervix uteri attended an interview study concerning the presence of cervical cancer among their nearest relatives. In addition, these patients were questioned concerning earlier gonorrheal infection. The blood group was determined as also was the secretory status and Gm allotype. As a control group the families of the male consorts were used. Cervical cancer was found significantly more often in mothers of the patients (7.9%) than in the consorts' mothers (1.0%). Sisters, aged 20 or over, of the patients had cervical cancer significantly more often (7.5%) than sisters of the consorts (1.1%). Moreover, cervical cancer in mothers and/or sisters was found in 15.6% of the patients. In cases of invasive cancer or previously operated CIS, this figure was 17.5%. The patients did not differ significantly from the normal population regarding blood group or secretory status. A somewhat lower, although non-significant, frequency of Gm(1) allotype was found in patients with invasive cancer, compared with patients with CIS. Patients with a positive family history of cancer had more often had gonorrhea (24%) than patients with a negative family history (18%). The study indicates a multifactorial etiology for cervical cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Burkitt lymphoma and genetic markers of immunoglobulin.

The Ig allotype G3m (c3) was numerically more frequent among 70 Kenyan Burkitt lymphoma (BL) cases than in 70 Kenyans with other tumors of the neck (0.02 greater than p greater than 0.01). The distribution of allotypes G1m (a, x) and G3m (b5) did not differ between 50 Caucasian BL cases and blood donors.

Antibodies, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1985

Anti-immunoglobulins in experimental streptococcal immunization; relation to bacterial growth conditions and Fc-receptors.

Heat-killed group A streptococci of types M12 and M22 were used for intravenous immunization of 60 rabbits. Presence of Fc-receptors binding monomeric IgG in M22 and their absence in M12 has been demonstrated previously. The strains were cultured in either Todd-Hewitt broth supplemented with 10% horse serum (TH-H) or in IsoVitaleX, a synthetic medium, supplemented with 10% autologous rabbit serum (IV-R). A mortality rate of 38% was noted in the first-mentioned group whereas no mortality was observed in the second group. Sera were examined for agglutination of red blood cells coated with either human or rabbit IgG. Antisera to strains cultured in TH-H regularly displayed anti-IgG antibodies reacting with human as well as rabbit IgG; anti-rabbit IgG titres of anti-M22 sera were significantly higher than those of anti-M12. Antisera to strains grown in IV-R displayed high levels of antibodies reacting with human but not with rabbit IgG. The levels of anti-human IgG did not differ between anti-M12 and anti-M22 sera.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Gm allotypes in IgA deficiency.

Gm phenotypes were examined in 90 Swedish IgA-deficient (less than 0.05 g/litre of serum IgA) donors and 40 normal first and second degree relatives of six of these donors. The G1m1,2, G3m5 and Km1 frequency in the group of IgA-deficient donors did not differ from that found in the normal population. Among the relatives, HLA and/or Gm identical normal sibs were observed. Anti-IgA antibodies were present in 29 of the IgA-deficient donors and anti-IgG in seven. No association between the two was found. A statistically significant association between the G1m-2 phenotype and the presence of anti-IgA antibodies was observed. When subdivided according to HLA type, a non-random distribution of Gm phenotypes was seen in HLA-B8/DR3 positive individuals with anti-IgA antibodies (HLA-B8/DR3 being the haplotype associated with IgA deficiency). These data suggest an association between IgA deficiency, anti-IgA and the studied Gm allotypes.

Dysgammaglobulinemia↗
PubMed1984

Gm allotypes in Finnish myasthenia gravis patients.

Gm phenotype G1m 1,2, and 3 frequencies were examined in 103 Finnish myasthenia gravis patients. There were no significant differences as compared with the expected frequency, either in the total material or when patients were subdivided according to sex, age of onset of disease, thymus pathology, or presence of HLA-B8. However, individuals with Gm(+1) had a significantly higher concentration of antibodies against acetylcholine receptor, possibly indicating a correlation with severity of disease.

Female↗
PubMed1983

Gm allotypes in Swedish myasthenia gravis patients.

Gm phenotype frequencies were examined in 112 Swedish myasthenia gravis patients. The G1m 1,2,3 phenotype frequency in the total patient material did not differ significantly from that found in the normal population. However, when patients were subdivided, three different patient groups were observed with regard to Gm1 frequency: (1) Thymoma patients having a low frequency of Gm1, (2) Non-thymoma patients with a mild disease having a low frequency of Gm1 and (3) Non-thymoma patients with a severe disease having a high frequency of Gm1. When patients were subdivided according to presence or absence of HLA-B8 and Gm1 respectively, severe symptoms were less frequent in the HLA-B8+, Gm(-1) group as compared to the HLA-B8+, Gm(+1) group. Furthermore, there was an increased frequency of sera with anti-immunoglobulins not inhibitable by pooled control immunoglobulins.

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic↗