PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R Gruen

Publications and source records attributed to R Gruen.

47 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Assortative mating in affective disorders.

Assortative mating was determined in 170 spouses of patients with major affective illness (bipolar and unipolar). An increase in affective disorders was found in both wives of affected men and husbands of affected women. The data suggest that assortative mating is present in the familial transmission of affective disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

The schedule for Schizotypal Personalities (SSP): a diagnostic interview for schizotypal features.

The validity and reproducibility of psychiatric diagnosis are crucial to psychiatric research. To establish confidence in assigning schizotypal features, three paradigms estimating the reliability of a new instrument, the Schedule for Schizotypal personalities (SSP), were tested. The first paradigm considered joint, but independent evaluations made by two raters simultaneously. The second paradigm assessed evaluations on different occasions, with a mean interim time of 5.9 months (test-retest procedure). Both reliability paradigms demonstrated high levels of agreement for all of the scaled items. Ninety percent of the intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.80 or better for the joint evaluations, and 70% were 0.80 or better for the test-retest evaluation. The third paradigm measured the reliability of DSM-III Schizotypal Personality Disorder. The kappa value for measuring diagnostic agreement was 0.88. The authors recommend the use of the SSP as an interview schedule and discuss the implications of their findings for genetic and biological research of schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

Borderline Personality Disorder↗
PubMed1981

Effect of (-)-hydroxycitrate on development of obesity in the Zucker obese rat.

Young Zucker lean (Fa/-) and obese (fa/fa) female rats were fed the fatty acid synthesis inhibitor (-)-hydroxy-citrate as a dietary admixture for 39 days. In the lean rats, (-)-hydroxycitrate treatment decreased body weight, food intake, percent of body fat, and fat cell size. In the obese rat, food intake and body weight were reduced but the percent of body fat remained unchanged. Throughout the treatment period, obese rats maintained a fat cell size equivalent to their obese controls. Although a reduction in fat cell number in the obese rats occurred during the treatment period, marked hyperplasia was observed during the posttreatment period. The results of this study indicate that the obese rat, despite a substantial reduction in body weight produced by (-)-hydroxycitrate, still defends its obese body composition.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1980

Development of basal lipolysis and fat cell size in the epididymal fat pad of normal rats.

The normal development of adipose tissue lipolysis as measured by glycerol release was studied in epididymal fat pads of fed and fasted Sprague-Dawley rats between 15 and 128 days of age and correlated with changes in fat cell size. At 15 and 17 days of age, when fat cell size was small, glycerol release per cell was highest and decreased steadily to adult levels by 73 days of age. Between 85 and 128 days of age as fat cell size continued to increase, glycerol release per cell began to rise. Therefore, glycerol release per cell inversely correlated with fat cell size during early development and directly correlated with fat cell size after 73 days of age. The response to fasting was variable in the younger rats but was established by the third postnatal week. The possible early reciprocal and later complementary roles of lipolytic activity and lipoprotein lipase activity in the "setting" and regulation of fat cell size during postnatal adipose tissue development is discussed.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1978

Increased adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity during the development of the genetically obese rat (fa/fa).

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) enzyme activity in epididymal adipose tissue from obese and lean Zucker rats was measured. At 5, 10, 13, and 20 wk of age obese rats have heavier fat pads, larger fat cells, and more LPL per epididymal fat pad and per fat cell than do their lean littermate controls. Although LPL per fat cell increased as fat cell size increased in lean rats, the increased LPL activity in the obese could not be attributed solely to increased fat cell size. When obese and lean rats had similar cell sizes, LPL per fat cell was still significantly increased in the obese compared to lean. Furthermore LPL activity was increased in "preobese" (fa/fa) rats compared to either lean genotype (Fa/fa or Fa/Fa) during the second postnatal week. The data suggest that early increments in LPL activity in adipose tissue of the "pre-obese" rat may significantly contribute to the early fat cell hypertrophy seen during the development of this genetic obesity. Furthermore, early increased LPL activity may prove useful as a predictor of the onset of obesity.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Psychopathology in prenatally DES-exposed females: current and lifetime adjustment.

This report concerns the long-term effects of prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) on overall psychologic functioning in females. Thirty DES-exposed women aged 17-30 years and 30 control women with a history of abnormal Pap smear findings were interviewed with the SADS-L and completed the SCL-90-R and the PRI-Q. Both DES and PAP women showed elevated symptoms on the SCL-90-R in comparison to published norms and were similar to women with cancer, but their rates of psychiatric disorders (SADS-L/RDC) at the time of the evaluation did not differ from community norms. However, both groups met criteria for Major Depressive Disorder (lifetime) significantly above expectancy, and the DES women reported slightly more episodes than the control group. The DES women also had significantly more problems than the PAP control group in social relations with spouses and other significant persons.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Psychopathology and social functioning in men prenatally exposed to diethylstilbestrol (DES).

Previous research has suggested increased psychopathology in prenatally diethylstilbestrol (DES)-exposed persons. The current study compares the psychiatric histories and social functioning of 27 men with a history of high-dose prenatal DES exposure and their unexposed brothers. We expected DES subjects to show greater lifetime psychopathology and poorer social functioning than controls. Both groups showed high rates of lifetime depression, lifetime alcoholism, and current psychiatric symptoms in excess of community norms. The only diagnosis on which DES subjects exceeded their unexposed brothers was Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). DES-exposed men had almost twice the prevalence of at least one episode of MDD and had significantly more recurrent episodes. The relatively small number of subjects with concomitant lack of statistical power may have contributed to the difficulty obtaining significant effects.

Adult↗