Prediction of gene structure.
We have developed a hierarchical rule base system for identifying genes in DNA sequences. Atomic sites (such as initiation codons, stop codons, acceptor sites and donor sites) are identified by a number of different methods and evaluated by a set of filters and rules chosen to maximize sensitivity; these are combined into higher-order gene elements (such as exons), evaluated, filtered and combined as equivalence classes into probable genes, which are evaluated and ranked. The system has been tested on an extensive collection of vertebrate genes smaller than 15,000 bases. Results obtained show that, on average, 88% of the predicted coding region for a transcription unit is actually coding, and 80% of the actual coding is correctly predicted. This will, in most applications, be sufficient for a search against protein sequence databases for the identification of probable gene function. In addition, the system provides a general test platform for both gene atomic site identification and the rules for their evaluation and assembly.