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Biomedical subjects

R Guillerm

Publications and source records attributed to R Guillerm.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Study by radiolabelling of the residual time of a therapeutic gel in the nasal fossae].

The residence times in the nose of the liquid and gel forms of the same therapeutic preparation were compared in 7 healthy subjects. A 50 microliters drop of the preparation, labelled with Tc99m, was placed down the head of the inferior turbinate, and the kinetics of its clearance from the site of deposition was monotired using a gamma camera, during 60 minutes for the liquid and 120 minutes for the gel. The average times for removal of 50% of the labelled material from the site of deposition were 10.3 minutes and 28.6 minutes for the liquid and gel forms respectively. The slower removal of the gel form is probably due to a mechanical effect, and seems to affect the whole nasal passage. The contact time between the preparation and the mucosa is increased in this galenic form and this should improve the efficiency of the preparation.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Discussion on smoke and mucociliary transport.

While the acute cilio-inhibitory action of tobacco smoke is no longer to be proved, the relative importance of the various components involved in such an effect still remains a subject for discussion. We have tried to determine the relative part played by the main compounds of the gaseous and particulate phases taking into account, on the one hand, the dilution factor occurring in the smoker during inhalation, and, on the other hand, the reversibility of the phenomena. Moreover, we have tried to specify the effect of the ciliary inhibition on the mucus rate of transport. Finally, among the possible mechanisms of action, we have examined the influence of the blockage of sulfhydryl groups in the cilio-inhibition induced by tobacco smoke.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Current status of objective measurements of nasal airflow].

Objective quantitative measurements of nasal airway patency are badly known and used in clinical practice. However lot of difficulties may be overcame. The modern instruments have a good preciseness and the results are given with reproducibility. The authors sum up principal indications, wether medical or surgical, and insist on a necessary severe methodology.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

[Prevention of gas microemboli during cardiac surgery. Numerical control of cardiac cavity purging by an ultrasonic detector].

Despite all precautions taken by cardiac surgeons to eliminate air remaining in the cardiac cavities and pulmonary veins at the end of cardiopulmonary bypass, many micro bubbles probably remain and pass into the systemic circulation with a risk of deteriorations of cerebral or myocardial function. Over the last four years we have used ultrasound to try to prevent the risk of preoperative gas microemboli: the machine is equipped with a detector (a quartz oscillator coupled to a piezoelectric transducer emitting a continuous beam of ultrasound at a frequency of 5 Mhz) which allows the following variables to be determined: the time interval from the onset of detection, the total quantity of bubbles (arbitrary units) in the examined regions, the quantity of bubbles detected over a given time interval which can be adjusted from 15 to 120 seconds. The passage of bubbles is also indicated by light and sound alarms. The smallest diameter of bubbles which can be detected is about 10 mu. There are periaortic probes adaptable to the calibre of the ascending aorta, transcutaneous probes for carotid artery detection and a left ventricular probe. In a preliminary series of 74 valve replacements in adults, this apparatus was used immediately after terminating cardiopulmonary bypass after we had thought that the cardiac cavities had been satisfactorily purged of air, and whilst active aspiration was continued in the ascending aorta distal to the periaortic probe: the total quantity of bubbles detected varied from less than 50 to more than 2000 AU, over a variable period of time which may exceed 20 min after termination of cardiopulmonary bypass. The total quantity of bubbles recorded after mitral valve (582 +/- 154 AU) or combined mitral and aortic valve replacement (685 +/- 167 AU) was generally greater than after isolated aortic valve replacement (335 +/- 126 AU). Therefore, after cardiopulmonary bypass, and despite all efforts at purging the air, we showed that numbers of microbubbles were ejected into the ascending aorta for a variable period of time: only some of them were eliminated by active aspiration through a trocar placed distal to the periaortic probe. The right coronary ostium was poorly protected against microbubbles because of its anatomical situation (6 cases in this series). We therefore established a protocol for the use of this apparatus to aid the purging of the cardiac cavities and pulmonary veins before stopping cardiopulmonary bypass: the manoeuvres, guided by the ultrasound probes, are performed before the left ventricle is allowed to eject blood into the ascending aorta.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Embolism, Air↗
PubMed1979

Effects on man of 30-day exposure to a PICO2 of 14 torr (2 %): application to exposure limits.

Pulmonary function, acid-base balance, renal electrolyte excretion, hematology, biorhythms and psychomotor test results were studied in six men during 30 days of exposure to a PICO2 of 14 torr (FICO2 = 0.02) with pre- and postexposure periods on air. Alveolar and arterial PCO2 increased and remained constant throughout the CO2 exposure (delta PACO2 = delta PACO2 = 2.5 torr); the rise in expiratory minute volume (delta VE = 60%) was related to the increased tidal volume. Oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide output increased about 10% because of the ventilatory work overload. Physiological dead space increased 8% without an alveolar-arterial PCO2 difference. Respiratory acidosis was mild (delta pH approximately or equal to 0.01) and the renal response was slight. There was no variation in plasma electrolytes, except a slight decrease in potassium. Red blood cell count decreased, showing a confinement effect. Adaptation to exercise was slightly impaired. Results of electrobiological and psychomotor tests and biorhythm evaluations showed no variation; application of these findings to CO2 exposure limits is discussed.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1979

[Diffusion and retention of therapeutical aerosols in upper airways (author's transl)].

The authors make a brief synthesis of the present data on the penetration and retention of therapeutical aerosols in upper airways. They analyze the mechanisms involved during the penetration of aerosols in the regions of the upper airways which are not swept by the inspiratory airflow, particularly in the accessory cavities of nasal fossa, sinus and Eustachian tube. Experimental results reveal that diffusion of aerosols can be improved at this level either by sound vibrations, or by combining vibrations to intermittent overpressures.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1979

[A way of evaluating the tolerance of respiratory mucosa to thermal spring water (author's transl)].

The therapeutical solutions for respiratory mucosa such as some thermal spring water must be perfectly tolerated and it is presently accepted that one of the best criteria of tolerance is the maintenance of a normal ciliary function. The photo-oscillographic techniques developed by the authors enabled the measurement of the physiological frequency of ciliary beat in vitro, and of the effect, either stimulant or inhibiting, of the thermal spring water. The measurement is done either in liquid phase by immersion of a fragment of ciliated mucosa, or in gas phase by aerosolization. At the same time it is possible to control in man the effects of thermal spring aerosols on the mucocilliary drainage by a simple technique.

Balneology↗
PubMed1978

[Experimental results and use of the manosonic aerosoliser (U.D.V.) for the treatment of middle-ear and affections (author's transl)].

The Manosonic Aerosoliser (UDV in German) is an Ultrasonic generator delivering a dense aerosol in a closed inhalating circuit in combination with temporary overpressures and sonic vibrations. In order to evaluate the efficiency of this new mode of areosoltherapy the Authors devised a glass model: a small vessel representing a sinus was connected to the aerosol stream by a little tube, a small ball being applicated by its own weight on the aperture to simulate the pathological obstructions (dyspermeabilities). The aerosol was made from a solution of Lithium Choloride and the amount introduced estimated by atomic absorbiton spectrometry. An increase of about 15 fold was found between ordinary and vibrated(sonic) aerosols and 35 fold more between vibrated and U.D.V. A short summary of clinical results is given as a confirmation of the expected efficacity of the U.D.V. treatment.

Adolescent↗