A note on "the sensory-tonic theory of figural after-effect--a failure to replicate".
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Figural Aftereffect↗
Biomedical subjects
R H Pollack
Publications and source records attributed to R H Pollack.
The great illusion controversy: a glimpse.
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Eye Movements↗
Subjective median plane as a function of age and source of stimulation.
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Adolescent↗
The life-span trend in the magnitude of the Mueller-Lyer illusion as a function of hue and age.
Mueller-Lyer illustrations produced by hue contrast were used to investigate age differences with participants ranging in age from 20 to 79 years. As expected, there was no age difference in the magnitude of the illusion when the Mueller-Lyer figure was produced by hue contrast. A significant main effect of hue was found, with no interaction between hue and age. These findings support Pollack's nondevelopmental explanation for age effects on Type I illusions.
Adult↗
The magnitude of the Mueller-Lyer illusion as a function of hue, saturation, fundus pigmentation, and simulated aging.
Ninety-six female college students were tested to determine the effects of hue, saturation, fundus pigmentation, and simulated aging on the magnitude of the Muller-Lyer illusion. In the first experiment, main effects for hue and saturation as well as an interaction effect between them were found to be significant. In the second experiment, filters served to simulate receptor aging by decreasing the visual sensitivity of young adults. A significant main effect of hue and an interaction effect between hue and saturation were found. However, there was no significant effect for fundus pigmentation in either experiment. Comparative analysis of the two experiments showed that only the magnitude of the illusion produced by an unsaturated blue figure decreased significantly when viewed through aging-simulation filters.
Adolescent↗
Simulated aged performance on the embedded figures test.
According to Labouvie-Vief (1985) the predominant explanatory mechanism for performance decline among the elderly incorporates a regression-oriented view of cognitive development: The present study tested the hypothesis that age-related performance decline may be explained by the quantitative changes in lower-level visual functions, such as those due to preretinal aging, which preclude the expression of intact cognitive (qualitative) processes. Thirty undergraduate female volunteers (18 to 25 years) viewed the Embedded Figures Test (EFT) under three conditions: no-filter viewing, .6 neutral-density filter viewing, and simulated-aged (yellow-filter plus .5 neutral-density filter) viewing. A one-way ANOVA revealed significant viewing condition effects for the number of items solved, the number of errors, and time-to-solution. Significant linear trends were found for levels of luminous transmittance. Results supported the hypothesis that preretinal aging appears to degrade EFT performance.
Adolescent↗
The effects of color and preretinal aging on embedded figures test performance: a failure to replicate.
This study examined the hypothesis that preretinal aging may adversely affect performance in older adults. The relationship between preretinal aging and a perceptual variable (i.e., color) was also explored. Under standard testing procedures, the (a) normal, (b) light-attenuated, and (c) simulated aged performance of 90 young women was compared to the performance of 30 elderly women, using two forms (colored or noncolored) of the Embedded Figures Test (EFT). Results revealed that young women performed significantly better than elderly women on all measures, suggesting that neither the simulation of preretinal aging nor color was a significant factor in EFT performance. Inasmuch as the present study failed to replicate Ball and Pollack (1989), the critical age-related factors in cognitive/perceptual performance have yet to be identified.
Adolescent↗