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Biomedical subjects

R H Shipley

Publications and source records attributed to R H Shipley.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

Effect of the Johnson & Johnson Live for Life program on employee smoking.

Smoking-cessation programs at the worksite hold the potential to reduce the national prevalence of smoking. This article presents the 2-year results of a broad-spectrum smoking-cessation initiative that was part of the comprehensive Johnson & Johnson LIVE FOR LIFE wellness program. In a quasi-experimental design, four companies offered the complete LIVE FOR LIFE program to their employees, and three comparison companies offered only annual health screen assessments. Smoking status was assessed by self-report and serum thiocyanate at baseline and at a 2-year follow-up. At the LIVE FOR LIFE companies, 22.6% of all smokers quit versus 17.4% of smokers at the health screen only companies. The LIVE FOR LIFE program was particularly effective with smokers at high risk for coronary heart disease: 32% of all high-risk smokers quit at the LIVE FOR LIFE companies versus 12.9% at the health screen only companies. These results demonstrate that a company-wide smoking-cessation initiative can produce significant changes in smoking behavior.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

A stage analysis of self-initiated smoking reductions.

Most smoking cessation treatments are predicated on the assumption that the course of smoking reduction is psychologically homogeneous. The present study tested an alternative model incorporating three distinct stages: initial decision, initial control, and maintenance. Three measures (perceived health locus of control, desire to stop, and self-esteem) were used to predict self-initiated smoking reduction in 61 regular smokers. Criterion smoking change measures (one for each stage) were obtained at follow-up. Multiple regression analyses of the criteria showed a different set of predictors were significant for each: desire to stop predicted the decision to reduce smoking, self-esteem predicted initial smoking reduction, and the combination of internal health locus of control beliefs and strong desire to stop predicted successful maintenance of reduction. The differential success across criteria of the predictors shows the value of the stage analysis and suggests the development of smoking treatments varying by stage.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Worksite smoking cessation initiatives: review and recommendations.

Offering health lifestyle change assistance in the workplace represents a major challenge for behavioral scientists and behavior therapists in the 1980's. Business and industry are showing special interest in employee smoking cessation. This paper reviews a wide range of worksite smoking cessation activities and related research. Six types of intervention are discussed: educational campaigns; policies restricting workplace smoking; self-help programs; physical examination and physician advice; incentive programs; and actual smoking cessation services. Existing research is critically reviewed. Practical recommendations for improving and systematically evaluating worksite quit smoking initiatives are presented.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1982

Measurement of smoking: surveys and some recommendations.

A survey of smoking cessation researchers found considerable disagreement in the measurement procedures used to determine treatment outcome. The survey investigated (1) the duration of the measurement interval used to determine abstinence and smoking rate; (2) procedures for classifying people who smoke after treatment but are abstinent at follow-up; and (3) procedures for classifying people who use marijuana or tobacco products other than cigarettes. The marked disagreement among researchers' survey responses was compounded by the failure of their published articles to explain how smoking had been measured and scored. The Discussion identifies long-term abstinence as the most critical problem; its measurement was least consistent procedurally across studies yet most important for comparing them. Recommendations are made for establishing measurement and reporting conventions.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed1981

Behavioral approaches to smoking cessation--I. A decade of research progress 1969-79.

This article describes a topical bibliography presented in the subsequent article in this journal, covering the past decade of research into behavioral approaches to smoking cessation. Using multiple searches including Psychological Abstracts, over 300 references were compiled from over 50 psychology, medicine, and related behavioral science journals. All references were comprehensively coded to each of 28 topical areas of interest to behavioral researchers and clinicians. Topics include specific behavioral smoking cessation techniques (e.g. aversive smoking, relaxation techniques, stimulus control), treatment problems (e.g. maintenance problems and procedures, treatment "side-effects") and important research issues (e.g. predictors of treatment success, physiological correlates of smoking behavior, therapist and treatment factors influencing outcome. An index defining each topic and listing by number all articles related to each topic is included with the bibliography. With this index, users with specialized interests can quickly locate all citations concerning a particular topic or combination of topics, Directions for using the bibliography are given along with guidelines for extending and adopting it for personal use.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1981

Behavioral approaches to smoking cessation--II. Topical bibliography 1969-1979.

This topical bibliography covers that past decade of research into behavioral approaches to smoking cessation. Using multiple sources, including Psychological Abstracts, 335 reference were compiled from over 50 psychology, medicine, and related behavioral science journals. All references were comprehensively coded for each of 28 topical area of interest to behavioral researchers and clinicians. Topics include specific behavioral smoking cessation techniques (e.g. aversive smoking, relaxation techniques, stimulus control), treatment problems (e.g. maintenance problems and procedures, physiological correlates of smoking behavior, therapist and treatment factors influencing outcome). An index defining each topical and listing by number all articles related to each topic is included with the bibliography (Tables 1 and 2). With this index, users with specialized interests can quickly locate all citations concerning a particular topic or combination of topics. The preceding article (Orleans et al., 1981) gives guidelines for expanding this bibliography for personal reference use.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1977

Personality characteristics of women seeking breast augmentation. Comparison to small-busted and average-busted controls.

The results of a study, contrasting 28 women seeking cosmetic breast augmentation with 28 small-busted control women and 28 average-busted controls, suggest the average woman desiring surgical breast augmentation is as psychologically stable as other women. She differs from other women only in limited areas--primarily in her negative evaluation of her breasts and her greater emphasis on dress and physical attractiveness.

Activities of Daily Living↗