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Biomedical subjects

R H Wolf

Publications and source records attributed to R H Wolf.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Variability in blood pressure response to dietary sodium intake among African green monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops).

Since salt-sensitivity to blood pressure (BP) response is a species-related phenomenon, the response of BP to dietary sodium was examined in 14 adult male African green monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops). The animals were exposed to graded increase of dietary NaCl at 0 (control), 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0%, respectively for 45, 139, 37, and 90 days. Systolic and diastolic BP and body weights were measured twice weekly. Body weight did not differ significantly between successive diets. The mean (+/- SD) systolic/diastolic BP for control, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0% NaCl diets were 88.8 +/- 15.4/65.9 +/- 13.7, 101.9 +/- 17.6/72.1 +/- 13.0, 90.5 +/- 20.9/62.2 +/- 16.2, and 115.3 +/- 22.6/81.0 +/- 16.4, respectively. BP changes between successive diets were significant (p less than 0.05). Monkeys with high or low initial mean arterial BP levels on control diet tended to maintain the same order with significantly high correlations between BP levels for successive diet periods (r = 0.88 to 0.95, p less than 0.0001). Thus as a group, this nonhuman primate species responds to increased NaCl intake with elevated mean systolic and diastolic BP. Individual variations in salt sensitivity and consistency in persistence of BP levels in this species has bearing on human hypertension.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Electron microscopic study of leprosy in a mangabey monkey (natural infection).

Ultrastructural features of the leproma of a) a naturally infected mangabey monkey, and lepromas and liver of b) a passage mangabey monkey, c) a rhesus monkey, d) an African green monkey, and e) a nine-banded armadillo inoculated with leprosy bacilli isolated from the leproma of a naturally infected mangabey monkey were studied by the freeze-etching technique. The size, shape, and ultrastructural features of leprosy bacilli in the phagolysosomes of macrophages in all of these samples were essentially the same as those in humans, nude mice, and armadillos inoculated with human Mycobacterium leprae. Distinct accumulations of small spherical droplets were observed around leprosy bacilli inside lepra cells of all the samples but were scarce in the specimen from the green monkey. The bacilli in all samples were long and slender, and had band structures on the smooth cell wall surfaces. The bacilli were indistinguishable from M. leprae.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Comparative normal levels of serum triiodothyronine and thyroxine in nonhuman primates.

Normative values were obtained for triiodothyronine and thyroxine from four species of Old World primate (chimpanzees, rhesus monkeys, African green monkeys and talopoin monkeys) and a single species of New World primate (squirrel monkeys) represented by two subspecies, Colombian and Bolivian. The Bolivian squirrel monkeys exhibited the lowest values for both triiodothyronine and thyroxine. Male talapoins had the highest levels of thyroxine. Significant differences were found in levels of triiodothyronine and thyroxine between males and females of the same species and between the two subspecies of squirrel monkeys. Triiodothyronine:thryroxine ratios were consistently lower in the males of all species examined.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Behavioral effects of D-Ala2-beta-endorphin in squirrel monkeys.

The effects of D-Ala2-beta-endorphin administered either intravenously (IV) or intracisternally (IC) in squirrel monkeys were tested using a number of behavioral measures: general activity, eating, social behavior, aggression/distress, analgesia, and startle/escape. There were 10 groups (N = 5) consisting of 4 dose levels administered IC (0.4, 40, 400 microgram/kg) and 6 dose levels injected IV (0, 4, 40, 80, 400, 800 microgram/kg). Every monkey was tested with all tasks on each of 5 identical repeated trials, one pre-injection baseline trial and 4 post-injection trials. After IC administration, the 2 largest doses exerted toxic effects, which were partially reversed with naloxone, producing in 2 cases muscular rigidity and profound sedation. The smaller 4 microgram/kg dose produced significant decreases in activity over trials but increased reactivity to noxious stimulation after the initial post-injection trial. With IV injection reliable changes in activity and approach to food were found. The results demonstrate significant behavioral effects of an endorphin analog in the squirrel monkeys after both central and peripheral injection.

Analgesia↗
PubMed1978

Balantidiosis in a chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes).

A young adult chimpanzee died after a brief gastrointestinal illness characterized by profuse soft stool, vomiting and dyspnoea. Necropsy examination revealed a severe typhlitis and colitis with pseudomembrane formation, and acute aspiration pneumonia. Balantidium coli, a common intestinal parasite, was found in large numbers in the mucosal and submucosal layers of the colon and caecum. The inflammation and degree of invasion associated with Balantidium coli indicates that it was a primary pathogen.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Social and reproductive behaviors in surrogate-reared squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus).

A colony of 16 surrogate-reared squirrel monkeys was observed for the adequacy of social and reproductive behaviors at maturity. Aside from some self-directed abnormalities centering around nonnutritive orality, this group was behaviorally normal in spite of having no contacts with mother-reared, older conspecifics. Half (N=5) of the females gave birth, with four infants viable. One infant has remained with the colony and is thriving. The other three remained with the group for as long as 42 days before death or removal. Maternal care appeared adequate. Mean estimated conception age for females was 35 months, and the mean impregnation age for males was estimated to be 42 months.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The unique kidney of the spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi).

Among nonhuman primates, the renal anatomy of the spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi) is unique, as it is multipyramidal and multipapillary. Renal function parameters (glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow, and concentrating ability) are compared to man and other primates. The kidneys of the spider monkey are similar both anatomically and functionally to man.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Exocrine pancreatic function, intestinal resorption and reaction to Vibrio cholerae infection in protein deficiency].

Six Patas monkeys were fed a protein-free diet while 16 animals of the same species receoved a standard monkey diet. The protein-depleted monkeys showed reduced absorption of folic acid but not Dxylose, and 5 out of 6 exhibited depressed exocrine pancreatic function. When challenged with Vibrio cholerae, animals with reduced folic acid absorption and pancreatic enzyme production excreted the micro-organisms for a longer time.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Phylogenetic variability of serum lipids and lipoproteins in non-human primates fed diets with different contents of dietary cholesterol.

The response of serum lipids and lipoproteins to different levels of dietary cholesterol (0.05% to 1.5% w/w) was measured in six nonhuman primate species. Relative response of serum cholesterol in different species, measured in terms of response, index, varied with dietary cholesterol concentration. The overall response for the different diets allowed ranking of the species as follows: Squirrel is greater than green is greater then spider is approximately thesus is approximately patas is greater than chimpanzee The serum cholesterol response was reflected not only in an increase in beta + pre-beta-lipoprotein cholesterol but also in alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol, with significant differences among species in the amount of cholesterol transported in the lipoprotein classes.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Serum lipid and lipoprotein responses of six nonhuman primate species to dietary changes in cholesterol levels.

The response of serum lipids and lipoproteins to different levels of cholesterol in the diet was studied in chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), rhesus (Macaca mulatta), green (Cercopithecus aethiops), patas (Erythrocebus patas), squirrel (Saimiri sciurea) and spider (Ateles sp.) monkeys. Five animals of each species were fed increasing amounts of dietary cholesterol (0.05% to 1.5% W/W) for 3-week periods; between each experimental diet, the animals were fed a basal diet without cholesterol for a similar period. Serum cholesterol response of different species measured in terms of response index (area under the time-concentration curve above basal value) varied with the dietary cholesterol content and showed a significant interspecies difference at 0.5% dietary cholesterol (1.8 mg/kcal) level. The overall response for the different diets allowed ranking of the species as follows: squirrel greater than green greater than spider approximately equal to rhesus approximately equal to patas greater than chimpanzee. The serum lipoprotein response was reflected not only in an increase in beta-lipoprotein but also in alpha-liprotein with significant differences among species in the amount of cholesterol transported in the lipoprotein classes. Challenging the animals with dietary cholesterol seems to be an essential step for determining inter- and intraspecies differences.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Malnutrition and susceptibility to infection with Vibrio cholerae in vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops). 1. Induction of protein, B-vitamin complex and calorie malnutrition.

Five groups of eight vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) were fed regular monkey chow, low protein (LP), low B-vitamin complex (LBV), low protein - low B-vitamin complex (LB-LBV), or protein - low calorie (LP-LC) diet, respectively, for eight weeks. Hematocrit values, hemoglobin, BUN, total protein, albumin, riboflavin and body weight decreased, the ratio of dispensable/indispensable amino acids increased in all animals receiving a deficient diet. Total globulin, IgG and IgM remained unchanged in vervets on LBV diet; panthotenic acid and cyanocobalamin in animals receiving LBV, LP or LP-LC chow; and pyridoxal on the LP or LP-LC diet.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

In vitro survival of howler monkey (Alouatta caraya) and other simian lymphocytes.

Lymphoid cell cultures from normal howler monkey (Alouatta caraya) lymph nodes or peripheral blood were found to survive for over four months. Several-fold increase in cell numbers occurred during the first two months of culture. The cells were predominantly of T-cell origin. Herpes or C-type virus or viral genomes were not detected in these lymphoid type cultures.

Alouatta↗
PubMed1976

Malnutrition and susceptibility to infection with Vibrio cholerae in vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops). 2. Response of vervet monkeys on protein, B-vitamin complex and calorie-deficient diets to infection.

Five groups of vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) were fed regular monkey chow, low protein (LP), low B-vitamin complex (LBV), LP-LBV, or low protein- low calorie (LP-LC) diets, respectively. After eight weeks the animals were infected with cholera vibrios. IgG, IgA and IgM increased in the sera of all animals after the challenge but the avidity of the immunoglobulins was lower in vervets on LP diets. Diarrhea and excretion of vibrios lasted longer in animals consuming less protein.

Animals↗