Pneumococcal sepsis after autosplenectomy in a girl with systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
R Hühn
Publications and source records attributed to R Hühn.
Novel and recurrent tyrosine aminotransferase gene mutations in tyrosinemia type II.
Tyrosinemia type II (Richner-Hanhart syndrome, RHS) is a disorder of autosomal recessive inheritance characterized by keratitis, palmoplantar hyperkeratosis, mental retardation, and elevated blood tyrosine levels. The disease results from deficiency in hepatic tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT). We have previously described one deletion and six different point mutations in four RHS patients. We have now analyzed the TAT genes in a further seven unrelated RHS families from Italy, France, the United Kingdom, and the United States. We have established PCR conditions for the amplification of all twelve TAT exons and have screened the products for mutations by direct sequence analysis or by first performing single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. We have thus identified the presumably pathological mutations in eight RHS alleles, including two nonsense mutations (R57X, E411X) and four amino acid substitutions (R119W, L201R, R433Q, R433W). Only the R57X mutation, which was found in one Scottish and two Italian families, has been previously reported in another Italian family. Haplotype analysis indicates that this mutation, which involves a CpG dinucleotide hot spot, has a common origin in the three Italian families but arose independently in the Scottish family. Two polymorphisms have also been detected, viz., a protein polymorphism, P15S, and a silent substitution S103S (TCG-->TCA). Expression of R433Q and R433W demonstrate reduced activity of the mutant proteins. In all, twelve different TAT gene mutations have now been identified in tyrosinemia type II.
Adult↗
[A phagocytosis test for the evaluation of the local immunity status during endometritis therapy with special regard to the use of uterofertil in cattle].
After the influence of organic acids or peroxide acids with low concentration upon mucous membranes results a higher activity of the topical defence-situation. The application of a 0.2 per cent solution of peroxyethane acid (drug Uterofertil) into the uterus for endometritis-therapy directs an increase of phagocytosis-activity not only topical but also in the peripheric circulation of blood. The phagocytosis-activity was measured with a test by granulocytes. Other drugs were also tested, which will needed by endometritis-treatment of cattle.
Animals↗
Gene transfer experiments in cattle.
Various methods for gene transfer in cattle are described. Four vectors containing (1) the bovine papilloma virus DNA, (2) the alcohol dehydrogenase gene of Drosophila melanogaster, and the human (3) and the bovine (4) growth hormone gene were used for gene injection in bovine zygotes. The period between 78 and 82 h after prostaglandin treatment was determined as the optimum time for collection of bovine zygotes. A total of 802 eggs was obtained from 74 successfully superovulated heifers. The foreign DNA was injected into the pronuclei of 156 (Construct 1), 130 (Construct 2), 62 (Construct 3) and 250 (Construct 4) centrifuged zygotes. An average number of 12 zygotes per recipient heifer was transferred into one oviduct. The eggs were recovered after 14 days (Constructs 1 and 2) for analysis or after 7 days (Constructs 3 and 4) respectively for transfer into final recipients. After the transfer into 23 recipient heifers of 43 embryos (Construct 4), 14 calves were born and 1 fetal monster was isolated. According to dot-blot hybridization the total rate of efficiency of gene transfer was 3.2%, 6.9%, and 0.8% for Constructs 1, 2 and 4, respectively.
Animals↗
[Cytology of the swine embryo].
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Animals↗
[Fetal death in gilts and embryonic and fetal growth].
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Animals↗
[Effectiveness of different treatment regimens for inducing labor in sows with prostaglandin F2 alpha].
2 experiments were applied to 401 gilts and sows to verify the effects of different injection dates and PGF2 alpha doses (Prostin F2 alpha) on the beginning and duration of parturition. PGF2 alpha was intramuscularly injected on the 112th or 113th days of pregnancy. Doses were 5.0 mg or 7.5 mg, 10.0 mg or 12.5 mg. One single injection of not less than 7.5 mg of PGF2 alpha from the 112th day of pregnancy caused normal births within 48 hours from injection in more than 85 per cent of the animals involved, with farrowing after the 116th day of pregnancy being ruled out. No correlatons were secured between litter sizes of treated sows and the time which elapsed between treatment and partiturition.
Animals↗
[Effect of biotechnical labor induction on selected performance parameters of parturient sows and piglets].
Prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) was used in two experiments to induce parturition in sows. The effects of such biological engineering approach on various performance parameters of sows and piglets were studied and compared with values recorded from animals with spontaneous parturition. PGF2 alpha-treatment had no impact on the percentage of liveborn piglets that were suitable for raising nor on losses durin early raising up to the tenth day of age or on subsequent fertility of the sows concerned. Average birth weights were slightly lowered in one of the experiments in piglets born by sows that had received PGF2 alpha injections as early as on the 112th day of pregnancy. The biological engineering approach also brought down the number of sows with increased body temperature over the first four days from parturition.
Animals↗
[Control of labor in swine with dexamethasone of various injection frequencies on the onset of labor and other selected parameters in farrowing sows and piglets].
Included in experiments with 185 sows with synchronised oestrus and ovulation were 52 untreated animals (K), while the others received intramuscular injections of daily doses of 75 mg of dexamethasone (DXMS), between the 109th and 111th days of pregnancy (V1) or 200 mg on the 110th day (V2) or on the 111th day (V3). While DXMS failed to have any substantive effect on mean pregnancy time or duration of labour, the variance of farrowing dates was reduced with significance. The average intervals which passed from the injections to delivery were 58.8 hours (V1), 82.2 hours (V2) or 54.8 hours (V3). No major difference was found to exist between K, V1, V2, and V3 regarding stillbirths or piglets with underweight, weights at birth and on the 21st day of age, loss in the course of raising, and percentual frequency of sows with normal or increased rectal temperature during the first three days after farrowing.
Animals↗
[Attempts to influence birth in swine with dexamethasone. 2. Effect of DXMS on adrenal mass and cell nuclear volume of the fascicular zone in piglets].
The adrenal weights of spontaneously born piglets, immediately after parturition, were significantly higher than those of piglets from sows in whom parturition had been induced by DXMS. The differences between mean values went down with DXMS treatment started later in advanced pregnancy. Mean absolute and relative adrenal weights of the DXMS groups came closer to those of the untreated controls on the tenth day of piglet age. Cell nucleus volumes of the zona fasciculata were normal in all groups and did not reveal any influence of DXMS treatment in any of the newborn piglets. The mean values were 89.9 micron3 in the control group and 87.6 micron3 in experimental group V (75 mg DXMS per animal and die on 109th through 111th days of pregnancy).
Adrenal Cortex↗
[Control of parturition in swine. 2. Study results of parturition synchronization in swine with the prostaglandin analog cloprostenol (I.C.I. 80.996: Estrumate)].
Premature parturition was induced in 115 of 121 sows (95%) that had been given injections of 150 microgram or 200 microgram of "Estrumate", a prostaglandin analogues, on the 112th and 113th days of gestation. The average time that elapsed between injection and parturition of those 115 animals was 27.2 +/- 7.7 hours, with no difference being observed between gilts, on the one hand, and old sows, on the other. The time of gestation of the treated animals was shortened with significance from 114.6 +/- 1.6 days for the controls to 113.2 +/- 0.4 days. The average duration of parturition proper was 3.7 +/- 2.2 hours, the average litter being 11.2 +/- 3.3 piglets. The total number of piglets born was 1,320, with stillbirths accounting for 4.17%. The average weight at birth, 1,330 +/- 210 g, and the weight at weaning did not differ from weight figures recorded from the controls. The courses of parturition and puerperium were in agreement with normal biological standards. The sows treated were tested for their blood counts close to full term and for their endometrial histomorphology after weaning, with no side effects of "Estrumate" treatment being established. The behaviours of progesterone, 17-beta oestradiol, and cortisol in serum of "Estrumate"-treated sows were investigated, and congruence was established between spontaneous and prostaglandin-induced parturitions, which was in agreement with international literature. The conclusion is that 150 micrograms of 'Estrumate", administered to swine, after the 11th day of gestation has very good labour-inducing effects and ensures normal physiological parturition and piglet development.
Animals↗
[Attempts at control of parturition in swine with dexamethasone. 1. Effect of various treatment dates in late pregnancy on onset of labor, litter and rearing performance of the sows].
Studies were conducted with 66 gilts with synchronised ovulation, all kept in five separate experimental groups (I-V). Each of the animals received 75 mg Dexamethason (DXMS) per die over three consecutive days of pregnancy. Treatment of Groups I through V was started in this order on the 101st, 103rd, 105th, 107th or 109th days of pregnancy. The average intervals that elapsed between the last DXMS injection and onset of parturition were, in the same order, 174, 167, 133, 94 or 74 hours. Births were concentrated on two consecutive days in Group V. DXMS had no significant effect on the average duration and course of parturitions. The lowest average litter and piglet birth weights were recorded from those DXMS groups with shortest pregnancy. No significant mean differences in piglet weight were any longer established between the groups on the tenth day of age.
Animals↗
[Planned control of reproduction processes in industrialized pig production].
A planned process of concentration and specialisation in pig production has been introduced in the USSR, GDR, and other socialist countries in recent years and is likely to open up wider opportunities for the use of up-to-date technologies and latest findings of the biological sciences. Large-scale use of bio-engineering and methods of reproduction control is quite logical, in this context. This will provide a real chance for cyclogram control of all events important to management, planning, and follow-up of reproduction processes and for a planful implementation of industrialised production methods. Processes of cycle control are being increasingly applied to industrialised sow breeding units against the background of artificial insemination of pigs which is gaining widespread popularity after its emphasised introduction in the USSR. Research and field results regarding biological engineering in sow of oestrus, ovulation, pregnancy, and birth are reported in this paper and will, hopefully, help in determining mating and farrowing deadlines for breeding on the basis of artificial insemination and, consequently, contribute to widest possible programming of life cycles for the breeding animals concerned.
Animals↗
[Results of experimental studies to control birth in swine].
An experiment was applied to ovulation-synchronised gilts and old sows. Mean values of pregnancy time were almost one and the same. Variations between the 111th and 117th days were exhibited within the control group. The test animals, however, farrowed on the 109th, 110th, and 111th days within spans of three days (113th to 115th day of pregnancy), following intramuscular injection of 75 mg DXMS. Intramuscular injection of 5 mg prostaglandin F2alpha on the 112th day of pregnancy triggered parturition within 25-36 hours in ten of 13 treated sows, whereas 19 of 20 sows gave birth within 27.7 +/- 5.1 hours in response to injection of 7.5 mg PGF2alpha.
Animals↗
[Studies on biotechnical ovulation synchronization in young sows. 2. Report: effect of laparotomy on ovarian findings after Zn-metallibur, 750 IU PMS, with and without 500 IU HCG].
A group of 72 gilts, aged between eight and nine months, were treated 20 days each by administration of 5 g Suisynchronprämix (Zinc Metallibur/Sui), followed by 24-hour treatment with 750 IU PMS (Prolosanserum). Fifty per cent of the group received 500 IU per animal of HCG (Gonabion) at 11 a.m., on the fourth day after Sui. All animals were artificially inseminated at 3.30 p.m. on the fifth day after Sui. and at 7.30 a.m. on the sixth day after Sui. Laparotomy was performed on 50 per cent of the HCG-treated and untreated animals in the afternoon of the sixth day after Sui. Animals with no recordable ovulation had to undergo another laparotomy in the morning of the seventh day. The above approach resulted in regrouping by four therapeutic categories: 1. HCG with laparotomy, 2. No HCG, 3. HCG with no laparotomy, 4. No HCG and no laparotomy. In the afternoon of the sixth day after Sui (51-56 hours after HCG) ovulation had begun in all 17 measurable animals of the first group, but only in one of 18 animals of the second. The animals were slaughtered between the seventh and twelfth days after Sui, and the following ovulation percentages were established: 100 per cent in the first group, 83.3 per cent in the second, 55.6 per cent in the third, and 72.2 per cent in the fourth. The animals that had been given HCG treatment (Groups 1 and 3) were found to be superior in terms of percentual ovulation to the untreated animals (Groups 2 and 4). However, Group 2 was the only group that had been exposed to the extraordinary stress of two laparotomies, and this should be borne in mind for evaluation. Ovarian cysts (more than 10 mm) began to develop on the eighth day on the laparotomised groups (1 and 2) and on the tenth day on the non-laparotomized groups (3 and 4). Cysts developed in 41.1 per cent of all animals in Group 1, 38.9 per cent in Group 2, 27.8 per cent in Group 3, and 22.2 per cent in Group 4. Therefore, cyst formation is thought to have been stimulated by laparotomy. Ovocyte tests suggested fertilisation of all animals in the first group. The embryonation rates of the second, third, and fourth groups are discussed with reference to the dates of insemination.
Animals↗
[Studies on biotechnical ovulation synchronization in young sows. 3. Report: ovulation onset, ovarian findings and results of fertilization after metallibur, 750 IU PMS, with and without 500 IU HCG with varied treatment time].
Fourty-eight gilts were treated with Turisynchron-Prämix (Turi.) and PMS (750 IU; 24-hours a. Turi.). One-half of the animals receaved additionally 500 IU HCG (fourth day a. Turi.). Performing treatments (Turi., PMS, HCG) either between 8 and 9 a.m. or 3 and 4 p.m. resulted in 2 experimental (HCG) and 2 control (without HCG) groups, each consisting of 12 animals. Double insemination took place according to treatment times at the fifth or the fifth and sixth day a. Turi. The experimental animals underwent laparotomy at the sixth day between 9 and 12 a.m., the conerols between 1 and 4 p.m. at the sixth or 9 and 12 a.m., at the seventh day a. Turi. Oviducts were flushed either at laparatomy or on slaughter to establish fertilization. From 24 experimental animals 20 ones had ovulated between 42-53 h p. HCG, and at slaughter 22 did so. The period of ovulation is mainly assumed near and immediately after 42 h p. HCG. In controls ovulation could be established in 3 of 15 animals laparotomized up to 152 h a. Turi. and in 8 of 9 animals laparotomized up to 168 h a. Turi. At slaughter there were in all 22 animals of the 2 control groups which had ovulated. In the rate of ovarian cysts (25-33%) and fertilized ova no remarkable differences were found between the groups.
Animals↗