Biomedical subjects

R Haider

Publications and source records attributed to R Haider.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1992

Persistent diarrhoea: factors affecting absorption and clinical prognosis during management with a rice-based diet.

Twenty-six persistent diarrhoea patients aged 4 to 18 months were treated with a diet prepared with rice powder, soya oil, glucose, egg white and water. Absorption of macronutrients was estimated in a 72 h balance study and clinical response was examined during one week of dietary treatment. Nutrient absorption was compared with that of 25 healthy age-matched controls treated with the same diet. Twenty-one patients (81%) recovered from diarrhoea within seven days. Absorption of nutrients was significantly reduced among the persistent diarrhoea patients. More malnourished patients had a significantly reduced absorption of nutrients except carbohydrate and an increased severity and longer duration of diarrhoea. Total gut transit time had significant association with nutrient absorption in the persistent diarrhoea patients. The period of recovery negatively correlated with coefficient of absorption and positively with initial stool weight. Failure to recover was associated with severity of diarrhoea and systemic infection. The study indicates that nutrient absorption is significantly reduced in patients with persistent diarrhoea and nutritional status, and that initial purging rate and intestinal hurry are significantly related to the prognosis and nutrient absorption.

Arm↗

PubMed1992

Utilization of specialized services by air transported cardiac patients: an indicator of appropriate use.

Recent studies of appropriateness of air medical transport have not specifically examined the need of cardiac patients for specialized services not available in the original community setting. This study examined the subsequent use of specialized services (i.e., coronary bypass surgery, angioplasty) by 796 consecutively aeromedically transported cardiac patients as an indicator of appropriate use of air transport. At least one specialized service was received by 552 (69.3%) patients. Preflight or transport interventions outside the clinical scope of the available ground transport system--a narrow, but objective assessment of appropriateness--were received by 507 patients and were associated with subsequent receipt of posttransport specialized services (p less than 0.0001). We conclude that the use of specialized services by cardiac patients was high and associated with an objective measure of appropriateness of transport. Studies of aeromedical transport should consider the need for specialized services in addition to intensity of care in the determination of appropriate use.

Aircraft↗

PubMed1991

Evaluation of indigenous plants in the treatment of acute shigellosis.

The clinical efficacy of three indigenous plants was compared with that of ampicillin and placebo in a randomized double blind clinical trial. Eighty-two men with shigellosis were studied. Sixteen patients received dried unripe fruit powder of 'bel' (Aegle marmelos), 19 received dried powdered plant of 'thankuni' (Hydrocotyle asiatica), 15 received a similar preparation of 'gandhavadulia' (Paederia foetida), 15 received ampicillin and 17 received a placebo. Treatment with indigenous plants did not show any clinical improvement or bacteriological cure as compared to ampicillin. The natural history of shigellosis was obtained by documenting the response of the indigenous plants and placebo treated groups.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

Therapy for shigellosis. II. Randomized, double-blind comparison of ciprofloxacin and ampicillin.

Ciprofloxacin, 500 mg every 12 h, was compared with ampicillin, 500 mg every 6 h, both given for 5 days, in the treatment of 121 adult males hospitalized with severe shigellosis. Treatment was randomized and double-blinded. At the completion of treatment, there was resolution or marked improvement in symptoms in 57 (95%) of 60 ciprofloxacin-treated patients, 23 (88%) of 26 ampicillin-treated patients infected with an ampicillin-susceptible strain of Shigella, and 15 (43%) of 35 ampicillin-treated patients infected with an ampicillin-resistant strain of Shigella (ampicillin-R group) (P less than .01, ciprofloxacin or ampicillin groups vs. ampicillin-R group). Bacteriologic failure was less common (P less than .025) in the ciprofloxacin group (0/60) than in the ampicillin (3/26, 12%) or ampicillin-R groups (5/35, 14%). Ciprofloxacin-treated patients had a mean of 29 stools during the study, compared with 46 for ampicillin-treated patients (P = .004). Thus ciprofloxacin seems to be an effective, and perhaps superior, alternative to ampicillin in treating patients with shigellosis.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Persistent diarrhoea: clinical efficacy and nutrient absorption with a rice based diet.

Twenty six infant boys, aged 4 to 18 months, suffering from persistent diarrhoea and 25 age matched healthy controls without diarrhoea were given a diet based on rice powder, egg white, glucose, and soya oil. The clinical efficacy of the diet was studied and a 72 hour metabolic balance study was done. Twenty one patients recovered from diarrhoea within seven days. Median coefficients of absorption of nutrients in persistent diarrhoea patients were 68.0% (range 28.0 to 92.0) for total energy, 60.0% (range 21.0 to 97.0) for fat, 53.0% (range -122.0 to 82.0) for nitrogen, and 81.0% (range 23.0 to 97.0) for carbohydrates. The corresponding values among the control subjects were 90.0% (range 76.0 to 99.0), 95.0% (range 71.0 to 99.0), 70.0% (range 10.0 to 95.0), and 93.0% (range 85.0 to 98.0) respectively. Absorption of all macronutrients in the control subjects was on average significantly higher than in the patients. Nutrient absorption is substantially reduced in persistent diarrhoea and a rice based diet is clinically effective in most patients.

Bangladesh↗

PubMed1987

Antiarrhythmic efficacy and hemodynamic effects of cibenzoline in patients with nonsustained ventricular tachycardia and left ventricular dysfunction.

This was a prospective single-blind, placebo-controlled study of cibenzoline in 21 patients with five or more runs of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) and left ventricular dysfunction (mean left ventricular ejection fraction 36 +/- 24%). Ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring revealed a baseline of 616 +/- 431 runs of VT/day on placebo. Of the 18 patients tolerating the drug, 14 (77%) patients initially had a 75% or greater reduction in VT (177 +/- 164 runs of VT/day, p less than .05). A repeat ambulatory electrocardiogram documented long-term suppression of VT in 13 of 14 patients at 1 month (2.1 +/- 1.3 runs VT/day, p less than .01), in 10 of 14 patients at 3 months (2.5 +/- 1.9 runs VT/day, p less than .01), and in nine of 14 patients at 6 months (1.5 +/- 0.8 runs VT/day, p less than .01). Aggravation of arrhythmia or drug failure was seen in four of 18 (22%) patients (new onset of sudden cardiac death, two patients; sustained VT, two patients). Hemodynamic measurements were obtained with the use of right heart catheterization in patients at rest and exercising during the placebo phase and after 60 hr of oral cibenzoline. Group hemodynamic variables, both measured and derived, showed no detrimental effect of cibenzoline. However, in three of 21 patients (mean ejection fraction 21%), cibenzoline was discontinued due to severe depression of left ventricular function. Caution is recommended in the use of cibenzoline in patients with left ventricular ejection fractions of less than 25%.

Aged↗

PubMed1984

Cardiac pacemakers: current concepts.

Cardiac pacemakers are generally used in conditions where bradyarrhythmia is a major problem, such as advanced heart block, sick sinus syndrome and bundle branch block. Temporary or permanent pacing may be needed to control certain tachyarrhythmias refractory to medical therapy. Temporary pacing may be of value in the diagnosis of sinus node dysfunction and preexcitation syndrome, and may be used expectantly in some patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Adams-Stokes Syndrome↗

PubMed1976

Results of total correction of the tetralogy of Fallot. Long-term haemodynamic evaluation at rest and during exercise.

Postoperative haemodynamic evaluation was performed on 15 patients 7 to 14 years (mean, 11 years) after total intracardiac repair of Fallot's tetralogy. The average age of the patients at the time of postoperative catheterization was 20 years (range 12 to 29) and they were all asymptomatic. Before operation 11 patients were severely cyanosed and disabled and 4 had mild cyanosis with anoxic spells. The cardiac output and right heart pressures were measured at rest and after 5 minutes of submaximal exercise on a bicycle ergometer. It was shown that the degree of residual obstruction of the pulmonary outflow tract was slight and that the right ventricular/pulmonary arterial systolic gradient (RV/PA gradient) exceeded 20 mmHg (2-6 kPa) at rest in only 3 patients. The mean cardiac index at rest was 5-4 l min-1 m-2 which increased to 8-3 l min-1 m-2 during exercise. The response of the cardiac output during exercise was either normal or supranormal in 14 of the 15 patients. In the remaining patient the response was marginally below the normal range. Pulmonary valvular regurgitation was present in 8 patients but there was no detectable difference in the cardiac function of these patients compared with patients with competent pulmonary valves. Six of the patients investigated had also had cardiac catheterizations performed 1 to 4 years after operation. The results of the present study show that remarkably little change has occurred in their haemodynamic status in the intervening years. Though these results are encouraging, further studies are required to determine the eventual outcome of the RV pressure and volume overload.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1974