PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R Hawkins

Publications and source records attributed to R Hawkins.

132 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Electromyography in voluntary posterior instability of the shoulder.

Electromyographic (EMG) activity of selected shoulder girdle muscles was analyzed during voluntary posterior subluxation of the glenohumeral joint in four subjects. Although there was a great deal of variation in the muscle activation patterns during subluxation, subjects either pushed the humeral head backwards with the anterior muscles (deltoid, biceps) or pulled the humeral head backwards with the infraspinatus and/or posterior deltoid. In all cases, inhibition of the scapular rotators and winging of the scapula accompanied this maneuver. The method used in this study is presented as an objective technique for quantifying EMG activity during subluxation and relocation phases of shoulder instability.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Validation of the lift-off test and analysis of subscapularis activity during maximal internal rotation.

We used electromyographic analysis to determine the muscle activity of the shoulder muscles during the lift-off test and during resisted internal rotation. The activity in the upper and lower subscapularis muscle during a lift-off test from the region of the midlumbar spine was approximately 70% of maximal voluntary contraction. This level was significantly higher than for all the other muscles tested (P < 0.05). The lift-off test with the hand placed in the region of the midlumbar spine resulted in one-third more electromyographic activity in the subscapularis muscle than when the test was modified and performed with the hand at the buttocks region. A resisted lift-off test resulted in higher activities in all the muscles, but only a small increase in the pectoralis major muscle. The pectoralis major muscle was significantly more active during resisted internal rotation with the arm in front of the body. Comparison of activity in the upper subscapularis with that in the lower subscapularis muscle showed no significant differences during any of the tests. This study documents the importance of the subscapularis muscle during the lift-off test and suggests that other potential internal rotators of the humerus have a limited role in maintaining internal rotation when the arm is placed behind the back.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effects of an education video on patients' requests for postoperative pain relief.

A patient education videotape called if it hurts, tell us was used to provide one of three groups of 20 preoperative patients with information about pain control and to encourage them to be assertive in their requests for postoperative pain relief. There were no significant differences in the levels of pain or requests for analgesia between the group which had been specifically encouraged by the education video to seek pain relief and the groups which had not seen the video. Patients in all three groups generally experienced a good deal of pain following surgery, but they were not dissatisfied with this experience and did not take available action to eliminate all their pain. While the literature suggests that improvements in postoperative pain management might be achieved by better staff education, patients' reluctance to eliminate their pain should also be considered.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cancer resources for providers in the rural community.

Rural residents with cancer face many challenges--lack of specialized local care, cost, and travel requirements--in receiving high-quality cancer care. Rural physicians, nurses, social workers, and pharmacists have limited resources to provide or coordinate the quality of care needed for these patients. Although resources are sparse, creative collaboration and capitalization on community cohesiveness may provide patients and healthcare professionals with needed resources in rural areas. Transportation for cancer patients, for example, might be obtained through local community organizations. Healthcare professionals may use various national cancer and rural health organizations and Internet sites as resources for updated oncology literature and for information on upcoming oncology conferences and partnerships with urban cancer care providers.

Computer Communication Networks↗