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Biomedical subjects

R Holusa

Publications and source records attributed to R Holusa.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Serum lysozyme and copper levels in rats after the administration of dust].

Changes in the content of lysozyme and copper were studied in the blood serum of rats in four time intervals (1, 2, 12, and 24 weeks) after administration of 50 mg TiO2, Sio2 or coal dust and the copper content was also studied 12 weeks after administration of 3 industrial dusts. The obtained results were supplemented by histopathological examinations and in the 12-week interval by the determination of the lung wet weight. The lysozyme content was statistically significantly increased compared to controls practically over the whole time course with differences in the level of the response to SiO2 in comparison with the response to TiO2 and coal. With the exception of the first interval, the serum copper level was statistically significantly increased only after quartz dust administration. The obtained results were compared with literary data and findings reported from clinical practice.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The use of the DENTACRYL rapid (Spofa) resin for preparation of the rat tracheobronchial casts.

We have made tracheobronchial casts of the rat lungs using DENTACRYL Rapid (Spofa)--the synthetic methacrylic resin of Czechoslovak origin. The details of the method are fully described. The differences between preparations of the intact rat tracheobronchial trees and those of the rats after quartz instillation are illustrated. These differences are analogous to the commonly described changes in bronchograms.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1988

Acrylonitrile potentiation of oxygen toxicity in rats.

Single intraperitoneal injection of acrylonitrile, administered prior to the start, at the onset, or during oxygen exposure, respectively, in all cases significantly impaired the survival rate of rats exposed to 98% oxygen. Short periods of lung glutathione depletion by acrylonitrile accelerated the manifestation of O2 toxicity regardless of their timing with respect to the start of oxygen exposure, but in dependence on their intensity and duration. However, the effect of acrylonitrile was probably not solely glutathione-depletion-mediated, since O2 toxicity was enhanced even by acrylonitrile injection, given sufficiently in advance to allow the lung glutathione level to recover before the oxygen exposure started.

Acrylonitrile↗
PubMed1978

Physical properties and biochemistry of lung surfactant following vagotomy.

Surface tension and the biochemical composition of lung washings were studied in rats 24 h after bilateral cervical vagotomy. A significant decrease in body weight, rate of breathing, stability and hysteresis shape indexes and hysteresis loop areas were noted. The gamma max, gamma min, gamma stat, indexes of compressibility, the number of cells and the protein content of washings were significantly increased. There were only minor changes in the absolute amount of phospholipids but their relative rate was significantly lower. Interstitial lung edema and early bronchopneumonia were confirmed histologically.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Causes of experimental pulmonary hypertension in rats.

Experimental pulmonary hypertension was induced in young male rats by means of tracheoconstriction and repeated injections of aqueous bean (Phaseolus vulg.) extract into the trachea. After 120 days, the blood pressure of the experimental and control animals was measured in the pulmonary artery with a shaped polyethylene catheter, without opening the chest. In all the experimental animals the blood pressure in the pulmonary artery was higher than in the controls. The mean pressure in the pulmonary artery of the experimental rats was 25 +/- 1 torr and in the controls 16 +/- 0.4 torr. The right ventricle of the experimental animals was larger than in the controls. No difference was found between the systemic blood pressure values, measured in the femoral artery, in the experimental animals and the controls. The experimental animals had a faster heart rate. Cardiac output, measured by the dye dilution method, was the same in the control and experimental animals and there was likewise no difference in the PO2 PCO2 and pH values in the arterial blood. The inhalation of oxygen instead of air did not affect the blood pressure in the pulmonary artery. The pulmonary blood vessels were evaluated quantitatively in histological sections of the experimental and control animal's lungs. There was no different between the thickness of the media of the distal pulmonary vessels, expressed as a percentage of the outer diameter of the vessel, in the experimental animals and the controls. A media thicker than 7% was found in 15% of the evaluated vessels from experimental animals and in 8% of those from the controls. No correlation between the mean thickness of the media and the mean blood pressure in the pulmonary artery was found in any of the animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Biliary excretion of 64Cu, 65Zn and 203Hg in the rat with liver injury induced by CCl4.

In rats the effect of a chronic administration of CCl4 on the excretion and disstribution of 64Cu, 65Zn, and 203Hg was investigated. The bilary excretion of these metals was studied with particular attention. It was found that total excretion of 64Cu, 65Zn, or 203Hg from the organism did not change significantly in comparison with the control groupp, but the ratio of individual excretion pathways did change. The course of excretion curves regarding the bile in exposed animals is prolonged. The histologic examination of the livers revealed a large interindividual variability in the response of the liver tissue to the same CCl4 exposure. Differences in distribution in the kidneys and livers in exposed and control animals was also found.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Endocellular parasitism of Mycobacterium avium in rabbit liver. A morphological study.

Yersin's type of experimental tuberculosis was induced in rabbits by intravenous administration of Mycobacterium avium and was studied in situ in the liver. Mycobacteria were only found in Kupffer-cell phagosomes and, at the later stages of the disease, in the phagosomes of the multinuclear giant cells. Ultrastructural changes in Kupffer's cells amounted to an increase in cytoplasm volume and corresponding increase in the number of ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. As compared with control animals, Kupffer's cells were more frequent in the experimental rabbits, clustering around sinusoid capillaries. Characteristic changes in mycobacterium ultrastructure were cytoplasmic vacuolisation in some individuals and an almost regular presence of high-density polymorphous structures. The microbial cell walls remained intact.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Carrageenin-induced experimental pneumonia in rats.

The authors verified the possibility of modelling pneumonia by the intratracheal administration of carrageenin solution into the lungs of rats. The most satisfactory dose was found to be 0.5 ml 0.7% carrageenin solution administered at 40 degrees C. The disease, evaluated by the morphological and functional signs, culminated after two days. Both macroscopically and histologically the lungs displayed typical signs of catarrhal suppurative aspiration bronchopneumonia. Functionally, marked tachypnoea (mean 180 cycles/min as against 110 c/min in the conscious controls) and raised functional residual capacity were found. A drop in the respiration rate and in FRC after bilateral cervical vagotomy indicated that a reflex component participates in the origin of the above two signs.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1975

Lung function in acute paraquat intoxication.

Functional and morphological examination of the lungs was performed in rats 48 hours after intratracheal injection of 0.5 mg/kg of the herbicide paraquat. Pronounced tachypnoea was observed (235+/-20 c/min), which also persisted under urethane anaesthesia (210+/-18 c/min). In control rats the mean breathing rate was 115+/-11 and 90+/-9 c/min in wake and anaesthetized rats respectively. The rate of breathing decreased to comparable values in experimental and control rats after bilateral cervical vagotomy. The functional residual lung capacity was significantly increased in experimental rats. After vagotomy also this increase of functional residual capacity became normalized. Histologically the disease was characterized by focal formation of hyaline membranes and oedema with occasional haemorrhages and signs of inflammation. The significant role fo vagal function in lung pathology is demonstrated.

Animals↗