PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R Hooper

Publications and source records attributed to R Hooper.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

The role of infant factors in postnatal depression and mother-infant interactions.

A large group of infants of primiparous women who were at high risk fo r postnatal depression (N=188) and a smaller group of those at low risk (N=43) were assessed in the neonatal period using the Neonatal Behavioural Assessment Scale. Poor motor scores and high irritability were strongly predictive of the onset of maternal depression by eight weeks postpartum. These effects obtained after taking account of both maternal mood in the neonatal period and maternal perceptions of infant temperament. Poor motor scores and high levels of infant irritability in the neonatal period also predicted less optimal infant behaviour in face-to-face interactions with the mother at two months postpartum. Neonatal behaviour did not predict the persistence of depression, nor did it predict the quality of maternal behaviour in interaction with the infant.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Cerebral aetiology of urinary urge incontinence in elderly people.

We have examined 73 elderly incontinent patients (mean age 79 years) and 27 continent subjects (mean age 78 years) of similar cognitive status. Among the incontinent patients, 20 were shown objectively to have urge incontinence with normal bladder filling sensation, 14 had objectively demonstrated urge incontinence with reduced bladder sensation, and 39 had other types of incontinence. We compared cognitive function (by Mini-mental State Examination: MMSE) and regional brain perfusion (by SPECT scanning) in these four groups. Patients with objectively demonstrated urge incontinence and reduced bladder sensation stood out as being different from the rest: their mean MMSE score was significantly lower than that of any of the other three groups; perfusion of the frontal cortex was significantly poorer than that in the continent and other incontinent groups; global cortical perfusion was significantly poorer than in the other incontinence groups. This was not found in patients with urge incontinence and normal bladder sensation. The observations support the hypothesis that in elderly people urge incontinence with reduced bladder sensation can be a consequence of cortical neuropathy, especially in the frontal lobes.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Depressed mothers' speech to their infants and its relation to infant gender and cognitive development.

The speech of depressed and well mothers during play with their infants at two months was compared on dimensions of structure and semantics. No differences between maternal groups were found on measures of complexity and syntax. However, the speech of depressed women expressed more negative affect, was less focused on infant experience, and tended to show less acknowledgement of infant agency. Speech style of depressed women also varied according to infant gender. Regression analyses indicated that the quality of maternal communication with the infant, and particularly the focus of speech, mediated the association between depression and infant cognitive development in the first 18 months.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Vestibulo-ocular compensation following unilateral vestibular deafferentation.

Vestibulo-ocular compensation following vestibular deafferentation was investigated in 26 acoustic neuroma patients following tumor removal and in 5 Menière's disease patients following vestibular nerve section by using sinusoidal harmonic acceleration testing. All three test parameters (phase lead, gain, and asymmetry), when averaged, shifted significantly on the first postoperative test (average 0.4 months after operation). A marked progression in central compensation with gain returning to the range of normal control values was seen in the tests performed 1 to 6 months (average 2.6 months) postoperatively. However, phase lead and asymmetry (especially at 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, and 0.08 Hz) remained outside the range of normal control values, and all three parameters failed to return to their preoperative level even when tested at more than 12 months (average 20.2 months) after operation. This finding indicates that the deficits of the vestibulo-ocular reflex to head acceleration are of long duration if not permanent.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1990

Temporal bone meningiomas.

Meningiomas should be considered in the differential diagnosis of space-occupying lesions of the temporal bone. Five cases of meningiomas of the temporal bone are described and the literature reviewed. These tumours may stimulate Schwannomas and glomus tumours in their presentation and radiological findings. The tumours were managed by combining standard neurosurgical approaches with temporal bone and skull base techniques.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Effect of probenecid on the disposition of captopril and captopril dimer in the rat.

The urinary excretion of captopril has been studied in a bladder-cannulated rat model and compared with that obtained after co-administration with probenecid. Probenecid reduced significantly the urinary excretion of captopril from 41% to 21% of the administered dose over a 3-hr period and significantly lowered urine flow rates. In addition, the effect of probenecid on plasma levels of captopril and total captopril (captopril plus disulfides) after oral administration of the disulfide prodrug captopril dimer (10 mg/kg) has been studied in a conscious rat preparation. Co-administration of probenecid (20 mg/kg) given either orally or intravenously increased both the plasma levels of captopril and total captopril (captopril plus captopril disulfides) over a 4-hr period. A prolonged significant inhibition of plasma ACE after co-administration of probenecid and captopril dimer suggests that probenecid may be useful to prolong the action of captopril or the prodrug captopril dimer.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Esophageal transit scintigraphy--a cautionary note.

Esophageal transit scintigraphy and esophageal manometry were compared in forty-two patients with symptoms of esophageal disease. Fifteen healthy volunteers were studied as a control group for the scintigraphic investigation. Agreement between the tests was present in 79% of patients. In all the five patients in whom the esophageal manometry was abnormal and the esophageal transit study was normal, the manometric finding was "giant esophageal contractions." In four of the control group an abnormal transit pattern was observed on one of two esophageal studies. Esophageal transit scintigraphy has some limitations as a screening test for esophageal motor dysfunction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Portal and pulmonary hypertension with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia.

Marked pulmonary hypertension developed in a 40-year-old man with known cirrhosis and a previous portosystemic shunt. Terminally, he also showed signs of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia. At postmortem examination, he had severe plexiform dilatation lesions in the pulmonary vasculature, with deposition of fibrin in the vasculature channels. It is suggested that the site of microangiopathic red cell damage was the pulmonary microvasculature.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

An assessment of the physical properties of a multiplane tomographic imager.

The Pho/Con is a dual Anger camera multiplane tomographic scanner, capable of producing longitudinal tomograms through the subject. The physical characteristics of this device have been investigated. The resolution capabilities in three dimensions have been determined, and sensitivity, linearity, and uniformity of each detector have been studied with a view to establishing the influence of each of the subcomponents of the detector on overall performance. Experimental measurements have been made using both analogue and computerised reconstruction techniques.

Tomography, Emission-Computed↗
PubMed1982

Pharmacokinetic properties of captopril after acute and chronic administration to hypertensive subjects.

The pharmacokinetic properties of captopril were studied in two groups of hypertensive patients; (1) those who had never taken captopril (acute group), and (2) those who had been taking captopril for at least 6 months (chronic group). It was found that after 100 mg of captopril orally, the mean peak plasma level in the chronic group was three times higher than that in the acute group while the area under the curve was twice as high in the chronic group. These data suggest that bioavailability increases with chronic administration, and thus it may be possible to reduce the dosage of captopril and still maintain blood pressure control while reducing side effects.

Captopril↗
PubMed1981

High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of captopril in plasma.

A sensitive assay is described for quantitating plasma captopril levels. Captopril is an orally active inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme. Blood from patients taking this drug was collected into tubes containing edetate and ascorbic acid, and the plasma was separated by centrifugation. After addition of an internal standard, the plasma was deproteinized and the supernate was adjusted to pH 6.5 N-(1-Pyrene)-maleimide was added to derivatize captopril and an internal standard to fluorescent adducts. These derivatives then were extracted into ethyl acetate-benzene (1:1) and separated from other derivatized thiols by high-performance liquid chromatography. The sensitivity of the assay was 150 pmoles/ml. Preliminary pharmacokinetics were obtained in patients taking captopril chronically for essential hypertension. After administration of 100 mg of captopril for patients who had fasted overnight, the plasma levels rose rapidly; peak levels were obtained at approximately 37 min. Thereafter, the plasma levels declined rapidly, and the terminal half-life was approximately 40 min. In these patients, the time course of the plasma levels did not reflect changes in blood pressure, so there appeared to be no direct relationship between plasma levels of the parent compound and blood pressure changes.

Captopril↗
PubMed1976

Paravertebral lumbar myelomeningocele: a report of three cases.

Three cases of lateral myelomeningocele in the lumbar region are reported because of their rarity. It is stressed that in these laterally placed cystic swellings spinal dysplastic conditions should be also considered. The literature is briefly reviewed.

Female↗