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Biomedical subjects

R Horton

Publications and source records attributed to R Horton.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Differences for gender, weight and exercise in body image disturbance and eating disorder symptoms.

OBJECTIVE: Differences for gender, weight, exercise frequency and type for eating disorder symptoms and body image disturbance were examined. Further understanding of male body image disturbance was the primary goal. METHOD: Males (n=200) and females (n=233) completed measures to assess eating disorder symptoms and multiple components of body image disturbance. Measures were modified to be more appropriate for males. RESULTS: Females endorsed higher levels of eating and body concerns. Males were divided between a desire to maintain, increase or decrease their size. Higher weight and exercise frequency was associated with increased body image concern and eating disorder symptoms, particularly for males. Exercise frequency was also linked to higher self-esteem for males. Males who used muscle-enhancing supplements indicated increased social pressures and concern for appearance, and a desire to increase their size. DISCUSSION: The findings support that weight and exercise frequency affect eating disorder symptoms and body image disturbance. Males appear to exhibit body image disturbance, which is related to their current weight status. Results support the call for further development of measures that more adequately address male concerns.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

The LRC haplotype project: a resource for killer immunoglobulin-like receptor-linked association studies.

There is increasing evidence for epistatic interactions between gene products (e.g. KIR) encoded within the Leukocyte Receptor Complex (LRC) with those (e.g. HLA) of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC), resulting in susceptibility to disease. Identification of such associations at the DNA level requires comprehensive knowledge of the genetic variation and haplotype structure of the underlying loci. The LRC haplotype project aims to provide this knowledge by sequencing common LRC haplotypes.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed2006

Safety assessment of Madin Darby canine kidney cells as vaccine substrate.

Conventional influenza vaccines are manufactured using embryonated chicken eggs, a substrate with little flexibility and vulnerable to extraneous agents. Solvay Pharmaceuticals developed a production technology based on the continuous cell line Madin Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) as vaccine cell substrate. A risk-based safety assessment of MDCK, with respect to tumorigenicity of intact cells and oncogenicity of cellular components, cellular DNA and adventitious agents, shows that this substrate is as safe as other substrates and therefore without increased risk to the vaccine recipient.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Results of intervention for lupus patients with self-perceived cognitive difficulties.

The authors developed an 8-week psychoeducational group intervention for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who reported cognitive dysfunction but were not globally impaired on neuropsychological testing. Results of a nonrandomized, uncontrolled pilot study of this program in 17 women with SLE suggest that metamemory and memory self-efficacy improve after participation. One hundred percent retention throughout the study further suggests that patients with SLE are willing and capable of successfully completing the program.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2005

Plasma nitrotyrosine in reversible myocardial ischaemia.

BACKGROUND: Nitric oxide (NO) plays a vital role in vascular homeostasis and in the pathophysiology of coronary heart disease. Its metabolites, nitrite and nitrate, have vasculoprotective properties, whereas peroxynitrite, an oxidant metabolite of NO, is cytotoxic and can aggravate myocardial damage during ischaemic reperfusion injury. Peroxynitrite nitrates free and protein bound tyrosine residues to produce nitrotyrosine. The measurement of nitrotyrosine provides an indirect estimation of plasma peroxynitrite concentrations. AIMS: To measure plasma nitrotyrosine concentrations to see whether peroxynitrite could contribute to myocardial dysfunction during myocardial ischaemia induced by an exercise tolerance test (ETT). MATERIALS/METHODS: Plasma free nitrotyrosine concentrations were compared before and after exercise in 29 subjects with a positive ETT and 34 subjects with a negative ETT. RESULTS: Plasma nitrotyrosine concentrations were similar in patients with exercise induced myocardial ischaemia and controls. CONCLUSION: Peroxynitrite does not contribute to the myocardial dysfunction in reversible myocardial ischaemia.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Registration of clinical trials: a statement from the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors].

Altruistic motives and trust are central to scientific investigations involving people. These prompt volunteers to participate in clinical trials. However, publication bias and other causes of the failure to report trial results may lead to an overly positive view of medical interventions in the published evidence available. Registration of randomised controlled trials right from the start is therefore warranted. The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors has issued a statement to the effect that the 11 journals represented in the Committee will not consider publication of the results of trials that have not been registered in a publicly accessible register such as www.clinicaltrials.gov. Patients who voluntarily participate in clinical trials need to know that their contribution to better human healthcare is available for decision making in clinical practice.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed2004

The Effect of Natural Mulches on Crop Performance, Weed Suppression and Biochemical Constituents of Catnip and St. John's Wort.

Because of expanding markets for high-value niche crops, opportunities have increased for the production of medicinal herbs in the USA. An experiment was conducted in 2001 and 2002 near Gilbert, IA, to study crop performance, weed suppression, and environmental conditions associated with the use of several organic mulches in the production of two herbs, catnip (Nepeta cataria L.) and St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L. 'Helos'). Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design and included a positive (hand-weeded) control, a negative (nonweeded) control, oat straw, a flax straw mat, and a nonwoven wool mat. Catnip plant height was significantly greater in the oat straw than the other treatments at 4 wk through 6 wk in 2001; at 4 to 8 wk in 2002, catnip plant height and width was significantly lower in the negative control compared with the other treatments. Catnip yield was significantly higher in the flax straw mat than all other treatments in 2001. In 2002, St. John's wort yields were not statistically different in any treatments. All weed management treatments had significantly fewer weeds than the non-weeded rows in 2002. Total weed density comparisons in each crop from 2 yr showed fewer weeds present in the flax straw and wool mat treatments compared with positive control plots. There was no significant weed management treatment effect on the concentration of the target compounds, nepetalactone in catnip and pseudohypericin-hypericin in St. John's wort, although there was a trend toward higher concentrations in the flax straw treatment.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6.

Chromosome 6 is a metacentric chromosome that constitutes about 6% of the human genome. The finished sequence comprises 166,880,988 base pairs, representing the largest chromosome sequenced so far. The entire sequence has been subjected to high-quality manual annotation, resulting in the evidence-supported identification of 1,557 genes and 633 pseudogenes. Here we report that at least 96% of the protein-coding genes have been identified, as assessed by multi-species comparative sequence analysis, and provide evidence for the presence of further, otherwise unsupported exons/genes. Among these are genes directly implicated in cancer, schizophrenia, autoimmunity and many other diseases. Chromosome 6 harbours the largest transfer RNA gene cluster in the genome; we show that this cluster co-localizes with a region of high transcriptional activity. Within the essential immune loci of the major histocompatibility complex, we find HLA-B to be the most polymorphic gene on chromosome 6 and in the human genome.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Measuring recovery after a hip fracture using the SF-36 and Cummings scales.

The objective of this study was to assess outcomes of traditional treatment of fractures using the SF-36 and the Cummings Hip Scale. In designing randomized clinical trials, it is necessary to determine the timing of assessment either for progress or for the main outcome. We set out to document the recovery of patients after surgery for hip fracture using current standard methods of medical care. This was a prospective study of a cohort of patients. Patients who were receiving standard medical care completed the SF-36 and the Cummings Hip Scale at previously determined times postoperatively. The SF-36 has eight subscales, including assessments of physical function, physical role behaviors, bodily pain, mental health, social role, emotional role, vitality and general health. Thirty-eight patients completed the questionnaires at 1 year postoperatively as well as previous time points. On the Cummings Hip Scale and the physical function, bodily pain, mental health, social function, emotional role, vitality and general health subscales of the SF-36, recovery is near complete at 6 months. Only the physical role subscale differs, with a statistically significant difference between the values at 6 months and 1 year, (p = 0.02). Patients attained over 90% of the 1 year value by 6 months for all except the physical role subscale. The physical role subscale reached 85%. For a hip fracture patient who is on the road to recovery, the majority of the recovery has therefore taken place by 6 months.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

A binary screening assay for pro-oestrogens in food: metabolic activation using hepatic microsomes and detection with oestrogen sensitive recombinant yeast cells.

An assay, employing microsomes prepared from rat liver and a recombinant cell bioassay (RCBA) expressing the human oestrogen receptor (alpha) linked to a reporter gene, was evaluated for the detection of pro-oestrogens in food using methoxychlor and mestranol as model compounds. Bio-activation of the hop phytoestrogen isoxanthohumol to the potent oestrogen 8-prenylnaringenin was also investigated. The oestrogenic potency values for reference standards determined with the RCBA (17beta-oestradiol = 100%) were: methoxychlor 0.0025%, mestranol 1.3%, isoxanthohumol 0.001%, and for their potential respective metabolites were: bishydroxymethoxychlor 0.015%, 17alpha-ethynyl oestradiol 69% and 8-prenylnaringenin 0.4%. Incubation of methoxychlor and mestranol (10 microM) with microsomes prepared from the liver of rats treated with Aroclor 1254 significantly increased (p < 0.001) their oestrogenic potency from 0.0021 and 2.4% to 0.015 and 8.3%, respectively. In contrast, the potency of the hop phytoestrogen isoxanthohumol was unchanged. Metabolites were identified by UV-HPLC-MS/MS as monohydroxy methoxychlor and HPTE from methoxychlor, and the major metabolite of mestranol was 17alpha-ethynyl oestradiol. There was no evidence for the metabolism of isoxanthohumol. Mestranol was also activated by microsomes induced with saline (control), beta-napthoflavone, 3-methylcholantherene, isoniazid or pregnenolone-16alpha-carbonitrile, but not phenobarbitone. These studies demonstrate the principle for use of a binary assay system for the detection of pro-oestrogens and indicate the potential value for risk assessment of endocrine disrupting chemicals.

Animals↗