Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to R Huben.
Rearrangements involving chromosome #3 were detected in 8 of 12 nonfamilial renal cell carcinomas. These results suggest that rearrangement of chromosome #3 is associated with the genesis and progression of a subclass of human renal cell carcinoma.
Forty-five patients undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy by a standard technique modified by the author (JEP) were interviewed regarding their sexual function prior to and after the operation. Thirty-five patients were sexually potent prior to the surgery. Post-operatively, 19 patients retained erectile potency (54%), although in 15 partial erections of varying degrees were noted. In 4 of these patients, erections were not satisfactory for sexual intercourse. It is evident that a significant number of patients retained sexual function after radical prostatectomy, even when no particular attention was made to preserve the neurovascular supply.
A method combining an enzymatic technique and short term culture was applied to 27 tumor tissues from 22 patients with nonfamilial renal cell carcinoma in order to establish the chromosome changes in these tumors. Chromosome analyses were successfully carried out in quinacrine mustard-Hoechst 33258 and G-banded preparations of 14 tumors from 12 patients, including 2 cases in which established cell lines were obtained after 43 and 64 days in culture and maintained for 25 and 30 passages in an in vitro system, respectively. The modal chromosome numbers ranged from 38-46 in 11 samples, involving chromosomes in structural and numerical changes and 72 chromosomes in one case, with the remaining 2 samples showing a variety of chromosome numbers. Banding analysis revealed 45 clonal aberrations in 11 tumor samples from 10 patients and nonclonal aberrations in the remaining 3 samples from 2 of the patients. Rearrangements of chromosome 3 were observed in 12 tumors, with the breakpoints on this chromosome almost totally clustered from p11 to p21. In one case both primary and metastatic tumors were studied, and an isochromosome for the long arm of chromosome 1 was observed as clonal in origin in the metastatic tissue. Two cases showed nonclonal changes. The remaining case had one clonal abnormality, i.e., deletion of 6q. Of the remaining 33 clones, chromosomes 1, 2, 6, 11, and 17 were frequently involved. These results suggest that renal cell carcinoma may be cytogenetically classified into 3 categories: (a) tumors with changes of chromosome 3: (b) tumors with other clonal aberrations; and (c) tumors without clonal changes. Rearrangements of chromosome 3 may be possibly associated with the genesis and/or progression of renal cell carcinoma.
Our preliminary studies indicate that the bulb-tip technique for whole bladder photodynamic therapy (PDT) illuminates the entire bladder mucosa and is applicable to the management of superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. This treatment modality may be an option to patients who are failures to other standard treatments. A randomized clinical study is needed to decide on PDT as a primary treatment of choice for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.
A continuous human renal carcinoma cell line designated RPMI-SE was established from a patient with a poorly to moderately differentiated renal cell carcinoma. The cells are anchorage dependent, have a well defined globular shape with pseudopod-like structures, a doubling time in vitro of 24 hr. and are able to grow subcutaneously in female ICR Swiss nu/nu mice. RPMI-SE cells obtained from tissue culture and the nude mouse had the chromosome number of near-tetraploidy. Common morphologic rearrangements were present in both the cell line and nu/nu mouse tumor. RPMI-SE was evaluated as a target cell line in an in vitro Indium-111 release assay. Three patterns of cytotoxicity were observed at an effector to target cell ratio of 100:1. The highest degree of cytotoxicity (75 per cent) was obtained with autologous lymphocytes. An intermediate level of cytotoxicity (50 per cent) was obtained with allogeneic lymphocytes. The lowest level of cytotoxicity (27 per cent) was obtained with normal lymphocytes and was comparable to the level of cytotoxicity observed with the NK sensitive K562 target cell line. Morphologic data and chromosomal analysis indicate that the RPMI-SE cell line has maintained characteristics of the original tumor. This cell line will be useful for immunological studies as a target cell line in vitro as well as in vivo in the nude mouse.
The significance and clinical implications of secondary neoplasms of the prostate are discussed. These neoplasms are rare except for those that involve the gland by direct extension from adjacent structures. We report on 185 such cases found on a review of almost 6,000 male autopsies during the last 25 years.
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Bladder cancer is a paradigm of malignancy, representing the spectrum from localized to metastatic disease, and manifesting varied histologic types, including transitional cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma. Preclinical and clinical data suggest that a common stem cell of origin gives rise to the different histologic types and that these patterns are of clonal origin. Localized bladder cancer is managed optimally by transurethral resection, with or without adjuvant intravesical chemotherapy. Invasive cancer or relapsed superficial disease may require more radical surgery or radical radiotherapy. In recent years, the evolution of techniques of continent urinary diversion or of bladder replacement has revolutionized the management of invasive disease. However, the 5-year survival for invasive bladder cancer is still approximately 50%, and innovative strategies have been developed, combining definitive local treatment and systemic chemotherapy, in an attempt to improve survival. For patients with metastatic disease, the combination of methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (the MVAC regimen) has achieved response rates as high as 70% but with a median survival of only 12 months. Until cure rates are improved, one of the hallmarks of effective management of metastatic disease will remain the provision of thorough and well-structured palliative treatment programs. Recently, the introduction of new agents (such as paclitaxel, gallium, ifosfamide, and gemcitabine) has led to promising response rates, and further clinical trials of these agents alone and in combination are in progress. In addition, an improved understanding of the mechanisms of resistance to treatment, including the implications of the expression of p-glycoprotein, p53 proteins, and other biochemical predictors of outcome, and of strategies to overcome such resistance, may lead to more effective management of advanced disease. Furthermore, real progress will be made only through the application of well-designed clinical trials to test the efficacy and toxicity of the new strategies of treatment.