Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to R Huston.
A 13-year-old male was found dead in the woods subsequent to 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCE) inhalation. Autopsy findings included tissue congestion of lung, liver and kidney. Certain precautions were taken in collecting and storing biological samples in order to prevent loss of TCE by evaporation. The availability of volatile solvents coupled with the increase of volatile substance abuse makes it easy for abusers to obtain.
A comprehensive lifting model (CLM) for the evaluation and design of manual tasks was developed in two stages using 11 task, personal and environmental variables. In the first stage, the model was built using the psychophysical data. In the second stage, discounting factors of various variables were tested and adjusted using the physiological and biomechanical data. Two lifting indices are proposed to evaluate lifting tasks for a group of workers (relative lifting safety index or RLSI) and for an individual worker (personal lifting safety index or PLSI).
The psychophysical, biomechanical, and physiological criteria used in establishing the NIOSH limits for manual lifting were cross-validated against the data published by different researchers in the subject literature. Assessment of the 1991 NIOSH lifting equation indicated that: (1) NIOSH-based limits are significantly different from the psychophysical limits in the (i) low and high frequencies of lift, and (ii) small and large horizontal distances; (2) NIOSH limits are highly correlated with the data of Snook and Ciriello (1991) in the low frequency range, with the Recommended Weight Limit (RWL) protecting about 85% of the female population and 95% of the male population; (3) the 3.4kN limit for compression on the lumbosacral joint cannot protect the majority of the worker population on the basis of damage load concept; and (4) energy expenditure limits used in development of the RWL index can be sustained by 57 to 99% of worker population when compared to the physiological limits based on previous fatigue studies. Results of the cross-validation for psychophysical criterion confirmed the validity of assumptions made in the 1991 NIOSH revised lifting equation. However, the results of cross-validation for the biomechanical and physiological criteria were not in total agreement with the 1991 NIOSH model.
Musculoskeletal disorders of the neck are becoming a major concern in industry. Several studies reported the association of neck pain, discomfort, and symptoms with different occupations in industry. Thus, the main objective of this study is to review and evaluate biomechanical techniques used in analyzing the occupational factors leading to neck pain and disorders. Recommendations for future research are also discussed.
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Explore the source record for details and available documents.