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Biomedical subjects

R I Lanyon

Publications and source records attributed to R I Lanyon.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Scientific status of the concept of continuing emotional propensity for sexually aberrant acts.

Continuing emotional propensity for sexually aberrant acts and similar concepts have a central role in the prosecution of sex offenders. This article examines the theoretical and scientific viability of such concepts, focusing on child molestation. It is shown that neither theoretical nor scientific underpinnings exist, although there is broad clinical agreement on the existence in some offenders of "something more" than just a pattern of continuing behavior. Both the DSM-IV and addiction models of sex offending capture this viewpoint, and it is suggested that clinical/forensic assessment for the presence of a continuing emotional propensity rely on these sources until a scientific foundation can be laid.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed1996

Goal-relevant dimensions of hypochondriacal tendencies and their relation to symptom manifestation and psychological distress.

A national sample of 60 male and 61 female adults completed a telephone interview that included measures of hypochondriacal tendencies, psychological distress, and symptom manifestation. They also provided cognitive evaluations for their most important health goal on scales measuring self-efficacy, value, planning, self-reward, self-criticism, self-monitoring, social comparison, and positive and negative goal-based arousal. Health goal cognition significantly predicted hypochondriacal tendencies measured 15 to 30 days after the goal assessment, even after controlling for chronic illness diagnosis. Correlations between goal cognition and hypochondriacal tendencies differed from those observed for psychological distress, and no significant correlations emerged with symptom manifestation. Results support a motivational account of hypochondriacal tendencies and extend previous goals research.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1993

Use of biographical and case history data in the assessment of malingering during examination for disability.

This study examine the relationship of biographical and case history data thought to be associated with malingering to known indices of malingering based on MMPI and sentence-completion test data. Subjects were 65 patients who had undergone formal psychiatric evaluations in connection with ongoing litigation over injury-related disability. Biographical/case history data were reduced to six factors, which were correlated with six MMPI and five sentence completion test variables. Of the 66 correlations, 24 were significant, supporting the relevance of biographical and case history data in assessing malingering under these circumstances.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1990

The maintenance of weight loss after behavioral treatment. A review.

This article reviews the recent empirical literature on the behavioral treatment of obesity in an attempt to delineate those variables that are most closely related to the posttreatment maintenance of weight loss. Such variables were found to fall into three general categories: adherence to treatment and use of behavioral skills, posttreatment vigilance regarding both weight fluctuation and the skills learned in therapy, and intraindividual physical and emotional factors. An attempt is made to develop a rational understanding of these findings, which appear to be consistent with Kanfer's self-regulation model of self-control. Implications for treatment and future research are discussed.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1982

Skill training with alcoholics: a clinical extension.

The present study attempted to replicate and extend a behavioral skill training package developed by Chaney, O'Leary, & Marlatt (1978) to a group of alcoholics of higher socio-economic status than the population originally studied. Subjects receiving the skill training package, which consisted of behavioral rehearsal of coping responses generated for potential relapse-precipitating events, were compared to a control group which received no additional treatment and to a discussion control group which discussed the potential relapse-precipitating events without rehearsing specific responses. All subjects received the assigned treatment as an adjunct to a standard inpatient treatment program. Unlike the results of the Chaney et al. study, which found the skill training package to be superior to both control groups, the present study found that both the skill training and discussion groups were superior to the no-treatment control group, and did not differ from each other.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1981

Validation of a screening battery for psychogeriatric assessment.

The aims of this study were to identify the most important diagnostic questions that warrant assessment in psychogeriatric patients and to select and validate objective screening procedures for those areas. Four areas were identified by surveying the records of 87 psychogeriatric patients: organicity, depression, prognosis, and global psychopathology. Relevant assessment instruments, selected on the basis of a comprehensive literature survey, were administered to 61 psychogeriatric inpatients, and criterion ratings were obtained in each of the four diagnostic areas. The Mental Status Questionnaire correlated -.87 with the organicity criterion and also shoed the highest correlations with the other three criterion variables. A canonical correlation analysis showed that the organicity and depression criteria could be reliably separated by the predictors, and multiple regression analysis showed that each could be reliably predicted independently. It is noted that the population studied was largely chronic in nature, so that the findings are not necessarily applicable to other kinds of settings.

Aged↗